Introduction 1
PART ONE Agreement in the Small， Disagreement in the Large： Financial Arrangements and the Law of the Sea Conference 7
1 Background： Of Nodules， Navies， and Negotiation 7
Setting the Stage 7
Whence the Law of the Sea Conference？ 11
Conference Organization and Procedures 12
Financial Arrangements in the Seabed Regime of the LOS Treaty 13
Summary 23
2 Course of the Financial Negotiations 24
Themes in the Chronology 24
The 1977 New York Session 24
The 1978 Geneva Session 26
The 1978 New York Session 30
The 1979 Geneva Session 34
The 1979 New York Session and Beyond 37
Appendix 1： The Detailed Financial Arrangements Proposals 40
Appendix 2： Description of the MIT Model 45
3 Elements of Agreement 49
Diverse Factors in Agreement 49
Use of an Outside Model 50
Agreement as the Result of Differences 55
Combining Issues 61
Summary 69
4 Disagreement in the Large： Explanation and Evaluation 71
A Framework for Negotiation Analysis 71
Evolution of the U.S.Negotiating Strategy 74
The Shape of the Final LOS Treaty 78
The Central Trade： Navigation and Nodules 80
What Happened？ Explaining the Reagan Decision 81
Evaluating the Decision to Reject the Treaty 84
Summary and Conclusions 106
PART TWO Agreement in Negotiation： General Propositions 113
5 Differences and Joint Gains 113
Beyond Common Ground for Negotiation 113
Elements of a Differences Orientation 117
More Formal Difference Analysis 144
6 Negotiation Arithmetic： Adding and Subtracting Issues and Parties 182
A Common Point of Departure 182
Adding and Subtracting Issues 184
Adding and Subtracting Parties 207
Summary and Conclusions 214
Notes 219
Bibliography 234
Index 245