1 Introduction： how the past is made to matter 1
2 Traces of truth： collective memory and the law 10
The problematic of memory 13
The fragility of memory 13
Collective memory 14
Gender and memory 19
Collective memory and the law 21
3 A history of silence： the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials 28
Silence at Nuremberg 29
The Tokyo trial： the Rape of Nanking and the ‘comfort women’ 36
The silent witness 39
The victors 40
Whose justice? 47
Unspeakability 49
History under siege 52
The rape wars 53
4 Casualties of law： wartime rape and war crimes courts 61
Victims’ justice： wartime rape and the rise of the counter-memory 62
The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia 64
The first trial： Tadic 66
A crime of torture： Celebici 72
A crime against humanity： Foca 80
The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda 90
Genocidal rape： Akayesu 92
Beyond the International Criminal Court 97
5 Trials and trauma： the impossibility of bearing witness 100
Trauma trajectories 101
Articulating trauma 107
Legal conceptions of trauma 109
The impossibility of memory： Furundzija 109
6 Wartime rape and the legacy of law 117
The legacy of law 118
The limitations of law 123
The violence of law 125
Notes 131
References 144
Index 163