1. THE USE OF LEGAL MATERIALS 1
Introduction 1
The Resort to Principle 2
The Uses of Principle 6
(i) Principle as a weak formula of general but not universal application 6
(ii) Principle as the underlying rationale for requiring particular conduct 7
(iii) Principle as the expression of value rather than personal preference 9
(iv) Principle as a broad synthesising conception 10
The Search for Principle 11
Judicial and Other Functions 25
2. CRIMINAL LAW GOING CRITICAL 43
Introduction 43
Influences 44
Critical Legal Studies 44
Critical Theory 45
Postmodernism 47
The Critical and Criminal Premises 52
Visions of Society 56
Three Aspects of Disagreement 60
Critical Techniques 65
The Well-Formed Notion of Law 68
Conclusion 72
3. THE UNLEARNED LESSONS OF RECKLESSNESS 75
Introduction 75
The Caldwell-Cunningham Divide 78
Hardening a Definition in Elliott v C 82
Loosening the Direction in Reid 85
Wide Open Recklessness in Adomako 89
Back to Elliott v C with Coles？ 93
Reinforcement in Gemmell and Richards 96
And Abandonment in R v G 98
The Understanding of Mens Rea 102
Linking Recklessness to the Offence 107
Bringing in Morgan 110
Concluding Reflections 120
The Failings of Authority 121
A Different Approach 126
Remodelling Mens Rea 132
4. SOME PROBLEMS WITH THE DEFINITION OF THEFT 149
Introduction 149
The Test for Dishonesty 150
The Background 151
Statutory Amplification 151
The Case Law 153
Problems with the Test 155
Dishonesty in Practice 156
A Case Study：The Guinness Conundrum 159
Obvious and Not So Obvious Dishonesty 160
Possible Reforms 162
The Appropriate Appropriation 166
The Senses of Appropriation 169
A Rationale for the Dual Approach 171
The Change Made by Gornez 174
Remaining Problems 175
Concluding Remarks 181
5. DEFINITION IN THE CRIMINAL LAW 187
Bibliography 197
Index 211