Introduction and Overview: The Crisis of International Economic Law 1
The Lack of a Theory of Justice for IEL 4
The Legitimacy Crisis of IEL 7
Methodology and Normative Focus on the Dual Nature of Legal Systems 12
Human Rights and 'Constitutional Justice' Require Stronger Protection in IEL of Equal Rights of Citizens and Transnational Rule of Law 18
IEL must remain Justifiable in terms of Justice and 'Public Reason' (Rawls) 22
Global Public Goods Theory and the Under-supply of 'Interdependent Public Goods' 25
The Need for Rights-based Regulation limiting the 'Collective Action Problems'in IEL 29
The Need for Coordinating Legal Regimes on the basis of 'Multilevel Constitutional Pluralism' 30
The Structure of this Book 32
Multilevel Constitutionalism and Cosmopolitan Conceptions of IEL depend on 'Struggles for Rights' 35
'Public Justice' (Kant) in IEL will always Remain Contested 37
Ⅰ How Should International Economic Law be Designed in Order to Protect 'Interdependent Public Goods' More Effectively? 43
Overview of Chapter I 44
1 Trials and Errors in International Economic Regulation: How should IEL be Evaluated? 45
2 The 'Two Paradoxes of Freedom' Require a 'Paradigm Change' in IEL: From 'Westphalian' towards 'Cosmopolitan IEL'? 61
3 The Need for Integrating the Five Competing Conceptions of IEL 78
4 Collective Action Problems impeding 'Interdependent Aggregate Public Goods': Climate Change, Energy Security and the Future of the WTO 91
Ⅱ The Emergence of Cosmopolitan IEL Based on Respect for 'Constitutional Pluralism' 113
Overview of Chapter II 114
1 From 'International Law among States' to 'Global Legal Pluralism': The Need for Comparative Constitutional and Institutional Analyses 115
2 The Emergence of Multilevel 'Constitutional Law', 'Global Administrative Law' and 'Legal Constructivism' in IEL 121
3 Defining 'Constitutions', 'Constitutionalism' and 'Constitutionalization' of IEL 140
4 Why Cosmopolitan Legal Orders are More Effective and More Legitimate 145
5 IEL must be Interpreted and Developed in conformity with Human Rightsand 'Constitutional Pluralism' 154
Ⅲ 'Civilizing' and 'Constitutionalizing' IEL Requires Cosmopolitan Restraints of Public and Private Power 160
Overview of Chapter III 161
1 Kantian 'Multilevel Constitutionalism' as Justification for 'Economic Constitutionalism' in European Economic Law and IEL 161
2 Kant's Theory of Rights Protecting 'Public Justice': A Cosmopolitan 'Fourth Concept of Liberty' Justifying Cosmopolitan Rights? 172
3 The Need for Reconciling Economic Liberties with all other Constitutional Rights: From 'Negative' to 'Positive Liberties' Protecting 'Human Capabilities' 183
4 Limitation of 'Protection Biases' by Interpreting IEL in conformity with Human Rights and 'Cosmopolitan Constitutionalism' 191
Ⅳ Legal and Political Strategies for Making Multilevel Economic Regulation Consistent with Human Rights 210
Overview of Chapter IV 211
1 'Disorder among Fragmented Legal Orders': Westphalian versus Cosmopolitan Conceptions of the External Relations Law of the EU 211
2 Globalizing 'Embedded Liberalism' through UN Human Rights Law? The Limits of the 'UN Global Compact' for 'Corporate Social Responsibility' 224
3 'Human Rights Coherence' of European Economic Law and Reasonable Disagreement on the 'Human Rights Coherence' of IEL beyond Europe 235
4 The Derivative Nature of Multilevel Regulation of Human Rights: Legal Protection of Access to Essential Medicines, Water and Private Property 254
5 'Human Rights Functions' of Multilevel Economic Regulation? Freedom of Competition, Freedom of Trade and Freedom of Commercial Speech 260
Ⅴ Regulating the 'Tragedy of the Commons' and 'Interdependent Public Goods' Requires Transnational Rule of Law 272
Overview of Chapter V 274
1 The Diverse Conceptions of IEL Risk Undermining Transnational 'Rule of Law' 274
2 Lessons from Multilevel Judicial Protection of Transnational Rule of Law in Commercial and Investment Law? 288
3 'Network Governance', 'Compensatory Constitutionalization' and the Emerging 'Common Law of Adjudication' can Limit Legal Fragmentation 298
4 The 'Dual Nature' of Cosmopolitan Rights Entails Competing 'Enforcement' - and 'Balancing-Paradigms': Judicial Protection of Economic Rights versus Human Rights? 308
5 Constitutional Pluralism Requires Multilevel Judicial Cooperation in Protecting Transnational Rule of Law and 'Human Rights Coherence' 318
Ⅵ Transnational Rule of Law Must be Justified by an 'Overlapping Consensus'on Principles of Justice 332
Overview of Chapter VI 334
1 Justice as Constitutional Objective of National and International Law 334
2 The Legitimate Diversity of Theories of Justice Reinforces the Argument for a Human Right to Justification 341
3 Justice Requires Liberal and Rights-based IEL: Struggles for 'Constitutional'and 'Corrective Justice' 346
4 Three Basic Principles of 'Social Justice' in IEL: 'Taking Human Dignity,Poverty and Empowerment of Individuals More Seriously' 352
Ⅶ The Need for Constitutional Reforms of the Law of International Organizations: The Example of the World Trading System 372
Overview of Chapter VII 373
1 From Instrumental to Constitutional Conceptions of Multilevel Economic Regulation: Development as Freedom and Protection of Human Rights 374
2 Constitutional Economics, Human Rights and Constitutional Pluralism: A New Research Agenda for Redesigning the Law of International Organizations 385
3 Cosmopolitan Constitutionalism versus 'Statist' and Communitarian Conceptions of the Law of International Trade Organizations 391
4 The 'Human Rights Approach' to IEL advocated by the UNHCHR, the ILO and FAO: Food Security and 'Freedom from Hunger' 407
5 The Failure to Conclude the 'Doha Development Round' (DDR) Negotiations and the Future of the World Trading System 419
Ⅷ From 'Constitutional Nationalism' to Multilevel Judicial Protection of Cosmopolitan Rights in IEL 436
Overview of Chapter VIII 437
1 Limitation of State Sovereignty by Constitutional, Popular and 'Individual Sovereignty' in IEL Requires Protection of Cosmopolitan Rights 438
2 The Need for Compensating the 'Constitutional Deficit' in Multilevel Economic Governance by Judicial Protection of Cosmopolitan Rights 444
3 'Proportionality Balancing' as 'Rationality' and 'Reasonableness Tests': The Example of Rights-based Adjudication in European Economic Law 456
4 'Proportionality Balancing' in Trade and Investment Adjudication beyond Europe 464
5 Multilevel Judicial Governance as Guardian of the Constitutional Unity of IEL Based on 'Cosmopolitan Reason' 475
6 Cosmopolitan IEL depends on Democratic 'Struggles for Human Rights' 481
Conclusions and Research Agenda for IEL in the Twenty-First Century 486
Bibliography of Repeatedly Quoted Books 521
Index 525