Ⅰ.Introduction 1
Ⅰ.1.Background and Objective of the Study 1
Ⅰ.2.Structure and Content 2
Ⅰ.3.Methodology 3
Ⅱ.The Concept of Accountability and its Relevance for International Economic Organizations 5
Ⅱ.1.The Concept of Accountability 5
Ⅱ.2.Shift of Power Away from States and Loss of State Sovereignty 7
Ⅱ.3.The Importance of Accountability on the International Level 9
Ⅱ.4.World Bank， IMF， WTO and the Power Shift Away from States 10
Ⅱ.5.The Relationship Between Accountability and Legitimacy 12
Ⅱ.6.The Work of the International Law Association on the Accountability of International Organizations 15
Ⅱ.7.Summary and Outlook 17
Ⅲ.Accountability in the World Bank and the IMF 19
Ⅲ.1.Internal Accountability 19
Ⅲ.2.External Accountability 21
Ⅲ.3.The Development of Compliance， Inspection and Evaluation Mechanisms 23
Ⅲ.3.1.Evaluation and Monitoring Units 24
Ⅲ.3.2.Judicial-Style Accountability 25
Ⅲ.4.Summary and Outlook 27
Ⅳ.Selected Institutional Accountability Approaches by International Economic Organizations 29
Ⅳ.1.The World Bank Inspection Panel 29
Ⅳ.1.1.The Creation of the Panel 29
Ⅳ.1.2.The Panel’s Composition and Independence 31
Ⅳ.1.3.The Panel’s Mandate 33
Ⅳ.1.3.1.The Inspection Process 33
Ⅳ.1.3.2.Eligibility of a Request 36
Ⅳ.1.4.The Panel’s Practice 38
Ⅳ.1.4.1.Positive Experiences 40
Ⅳ.1.4.2.Negative Experiences 41
Ⅳ.1.5.Shortcomings in the Inspection Panel’s Performance 44
Ⅳ.2.The Compliance Advisor Ombudsman of the IFC/MIGA 46
Ⅳ.2.1.The Creation of the CAO 46
Ⅳ.2.2.Composition of the CAO and its Independence from the IFC/MIGA 47
Ⅳ.2.3.The CAO’s Mandate 48
Ⅳ.2.3.1.The CAO’s Ombudsman Role 48
Ⅳ.2.3.2.Eligibility of a Complaint 49
Ⅳ.2.3.3.The CAO’s Compliance Monitoring Role 51
Ⅳ.2.4.The CAO’s Practice 52
Ⅳ.2.4.1.Positive Experiences 53
Ⅳ.2.4.2.Negative Experiences 55
Ⅳ.2.5.Shortcomings in the CAO’s Performance 57
Ⅳ.3.The Independent Evaluation Office of the International Monetary Fund 59
Ⅳ.3.1.Creation of the Independent Evaluation Office 59
Ⅳ.3.2.Composition and Independence 60
Ⅳ.3.3.The Independent Evaluation Office’s Mandate 61
Ⅳ.3.3.1.Annual Work Program 61
Ⅳ.3.3.2.Evaluation Process 62
Ⅳ.3.4.The Independent Evaluation Office’s Practice 63
Ⅳ.3.4.1.Positive Experiences 63
Ⅳ.3.4.2.Negative Experiences 65
Ⅳ.3.5.Shortcomings in the Independent Evaluation Office’s Performance 68
Ⅳ.4.Summary and Outlook on the Analyzed CIEMs 70
Ⅴ.Accountability in the World Trade Organization 72
Ⅴ.1.Internal and External Forms of Accountability in the WTO 72
Ⅴ.1.1.Internal Accountability 73
Ⅴ.1.2.External Accountability 77
Ⅴ.2.Shortcomings of the WTO’s Accountability 80
Ⅴ.3.An Inspection Panel for the WTO？ 82
Ⅴ.3.1.Differences Between the World Bank and the WTO 82
Ⅴ.3.2.Affected Party in the Context of the WTO 83
Ⅴ.4.A Parliamentary Dimension to the WTO 85
Ⅵ.Potential and Perspectives of Compliance， Inspection and Evaluation Mechanisms for the Accountability of International Economic Organizations 89
Ⅵ.1.The Potential of CIEMs for the Accountability of IEOs 89
Ⅵ.2.Future Perspectives 93
Ⅶ.General Conclusions 97