1 Introduction 1
1.1 Themes 5
1.2 Chapter outlines 12
PART Ⅰ Theory/History/Monsters 19
2 Foucault’s theoretical framework 21
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 Legal templates 22
2.3 Non-legal templates 24
2.4 The template of the monster 29
2.5 Monstrositv and monstrousness 31
2.6 Causation and responsibility 34
2.7 Natality 39
2.8 Conclusion 41
3 Foucault’s monsters as genealogy: the abnormal individual 43
3.1 Introduction 43
3.2 A genealogy of the abnormal individual 45
3.3 Challenging Foucault’s history 53
3.4 Conclusion 56
4 An English legal history of monsters 58
4.1 Introduction 58
4.2 The late Middle Ages: inaugurating legal monsters 61
4.3 The Renaissance: flights of fantasy 69
4.4 The Enlightenment: the final throes 79
4.5 Conclusion 83
PART Ⅱ Contemporary monsters 85
5 Changing sex: the problem of transsexuality 87
5.1 Introduction 87
5.2 The emergence of a medico-legal ‘problem’ 88
5.3 Determining legal sex and the spectre of the monster 91
5.4 A biological approach 91
5.5 Reform jurisprudence 99
5.6 Conclusion 107
6 Sharing bodies: the problem of conjoined twins 111
6.1 Introduction 111
6.2 Constructing legal personhood 114
6.3 A critique of legal personhood 116
6.4 Pregnancy as non-monster concorporation 122
6.5 The promise o f conjoined twins and the challenge of law 123
6.6 Innocent monsters 125
6.7 Conclusion 126
7 Admixing embryos: the problem of human/animal hybrids 129
7.1 Introduction 129
7.2 Human/animal hybridity as contemporary crisis 130
7.3 Legal regulation o f human/animal admixed embryos 133
7.4 The human/animal admixed embryo as monster 138
7.5 The promise of human/animal admixed embryos and the challenge of law 141
7.6 Conclusion 143
8 Conclusion 145
Bibliography 153
Index 179