1 Setting the scene 1
2 Patents, PBRs and community rights in international forums 23
3 Brief overview on community rights in selected national regulatory instruments 42
4 Selected international and regional human-rights instruments and their provisions on community rights and IPRs. 57
5 Incursion in the ‘bio-piracy’ debate: modern exploitation of biodiversity components of developing countries and community rights 83
6 Soft and regional undertakings aimed at community rights 106
7 Broader framework of the suggested regulatory measures 117
8 Applicability of the regulatory measures 133
9 Final remarks 158
Appendix Ⅰ CITES permitting approach in brief 160
Appendix Ⅱ Laws, policies, professional and ethical codes and declarations 162
Appendix Ⅲ Glossary 166
Notes 169
Bibliography 186
Index 195