SECTION 1 GENERAL ORTHOPAEDICS 3
COURTLAND G．LEWIS 3
1-1 CLINICAL HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATON Ian D．Learmonth 3
PATIENT MANAGEMENT 15
1-2 ANESTHESIA FOR PEDIATRIC PATIENTS UNDERGOING ORTHOPAEDIC PROCEDURES Todd J．Troshynski,Steven J．Weisman 15
1-3 ANESTHETIC AND PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF THE GERIATRIC PATIENT G．Alec Rooke,John Amory 20
1-4 ANESTHESIA AND PAIN MANAGEMENT Kentaro Tsueda,Gary E．Loyd 30
MUSCULOSKELETAL IMAGING 37
1-5 GENERAL ORTHOPAEDIC RADIOLOGY:RADIOGRAPHY,ARTHROGRAPHY,TOMOGRAPHY,MYELOGRAPHY,AND DISKOGRAPHY William J．Glucksman,Karl B．Coyner 37
1-6 MUSCULOSKELETAL HELICAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY Eric A．Brandser 48
1-7 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING Stephen J．Eustace 53
1-8 MUSCULOSKELETAL SONOGRAPHY Jon A．Jacobson 60
1-9 NUCLEAR MEDICINE Christopher J．Palestro,Maria B．Tomas 64
1-10 PRINCIPLES OF NEURO-ORTHOPAEDIC REHABILITATION Mary Ann Keenan 71
GAIT AND REHABILITATION 71
1-11 GAIT ANALYSIS IN ORTHOPAEDICS Sylvia Ounpuu 86
1-12 LOWER EXTREMITY ORTHOTICS AND PROSTHETICS Christopher J．Aiken,Robert S．Lin 107
BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMATERIALS 116
1-13 BASIC CONCEPTS OF BIOMECHANICS David Pienkowski 116
1-14 ORTHOPAEDIC BIOMATERIALS Patrick W．Kwok,Courtland G．Lewis 131
SECTION 2 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM 143
VICTOR GOLDBERG,BRIAN JOHNSTONE 143
2-1 EMBRYOLOGY OF BONE Richard A．Schneider,Theodore Miclau,Jill A．Helms 143
2-2 BONE:STRUCTURE,FUNCTION,GROWTH,AND REMODELING Natalie Sims,Roland Baron 147
2-3 ARTICULAR CARTILAGE:STRUCTURE,FUNCTION,AND PHYSIOLOGY Michael T．Bayliss,Jayesh Dudhia 160
2-4 MUSCLE,TENDON,AND LIGAMENT:STRUCTURE,FUNCTION,AND PHYSIOLGY Donald T．Kirkendall,William E．Garrett,Jr 168
2-5 PERIPHERAL NERVE STRUCTURE:FUNCTION AND PHYSIOLOGY David C．Preston 180
2-6 BONE GRAFT AND BONE SUBSTITUTES N．Schachar,C．Fennel,T．Otsuka,A．Ladd 186
2-7 CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS Edward M．Greenfield,Thomas A．Einhorn 195
2-8 OSTEOPOROSIS:ETIOLOGY,DIAGNOSIS,AND TREATMENT Robert R．Recker,M．Janet Barger-Lux 201
2-9 MUSCULOSKELETAL TUMORS,PAGET S DISEASE,AND FIBROUS DYSPLASIA Joseph M．Lane,Safdar N．Khan,Margaret Lobo 207
SECTION 3 TRAUMA 221
CHRISTOPHER T．BORN,WILLIAM G．DELONG,JR 221
3-1 PRIORITIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE POLYTRAUMA PATIENT C．William Schwab,Christopher T．Born 221
3-2 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATIVE FRACTURE STABILIZATION AND FIXATION Car? T．Hasselman,Gary S．Gruen 228
3-3 COMPLICATIONS OF FRACTURES:ACUTE E．H．Schemitsch,Markku T．Nousiainen 239
3-4 COMPLICATIONS OF FRACTURES:CHRONIC Matthew D．Pepe,John L．Esterhai 250
3-5 SHOULDER GIRDLE AND PROXIMAL HUMERAL FRACTURES Stephen Kettmeler 253
3-6 FRACTURES OF THE HUMERAL SHAFT M．Bradford Henley,Sean Nork 275
3-7 ELBOW Roman A．Hayda 286
3-8 FOREARM FRACTURES J．David Evanich,Gregory J．Schmeling 296
3-9 WRIST FRACTURES Rodrigo Moreno，Rupinder Grewal，Luis R．Scheker 302
3-10 HAND FRACTURES Steven P．Sampson 314
3-11 PELVIS AND SACRUM Madhav Karunaker，James A．Goulet 322
3-12 ACETABULAR FRACTURES Christoper T．Born，William G．Delong，Jr，Patrick J．Brogte 338
3-13 HIP Daniel S．Horwitz 346
3-14 FEMORAL SHAFT FRACTURES Robert F．Ostrum，Brian L．Davison 359
3-15 FRACTURES OF THE DISTAL FEMUR Frederick S．Bennett 373
3-16 TRAUMATIC KNEE INJURIES John T．Gorczyca 382
3-17 TIBIAL SHAFT FRACTURES A．Paige Whittle，Justin P．Hawes 394
3-18 DISTAL TIBIA FRACTURES Bruce F?ench，Paul Tornetta III 408
3-19 FRACTURES AND SOFT-TISSUE INJURIES ABOUT THE ANKLE Kevin J．Pugh 419
3-20 CALCANEUS AND TALUS Jeff Ang?en 431
3-21 FRACTURES OF THE FOREFOOT AND MIDFOOT Raymond J．Sullivan，Michaet S．Aronow 438
3-22 CERVICAL SPINE TRAUMA Alexander R．Vaccaro，Oren G．Blam，Devry C．Anderson，Todd J．Albert 446
3-23 THORACOLUMBAR SPINE INJURIES Paul E．Savas，Alexander R．Vaccaro，Todd J．Albert 462
3-24 PRINCIPLES OF PEDIATRIC FRACTURES Peter F．Armstrong 473
3-25 UPPER EXTREMITY Lawrence L．Haber，George H．Thompson 484
3-26 LOWER EXTREMITY Peter F．Sturm 495
3-27 SPINE AND PELVIS John M．Flynn，John Dormans 506
4-1 MEDICAL ASPECTS OF SPORTS：EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INJURIES，PREPARTICIPATION PHYSICAL EXAMINATION，AND DRUGS IN SPORTS Thomas D．Amsey，Robert G．Hosey 515
DARREN L．JOHNSON 515
SECTION4 ORTHOPAEDIC SPORTS MEDICINE 515
4-2 SPECIAL CONCERNS OF THE FEMALE ATHLETE Mary Lloyd Ireland，Susan M．Ott 526
4-3 THERAPEUTIC MODALITY：REHABILITATION OF THE INJURED ATHLETE John Nyland，Michael F．Nolan 537
4-4 INJURIES TO THE MUSCLE-TENDON UNIT Donald T．Kirkendall，William E．Garrett，Jr 544
4-5 OVERUSE INJURIES Delmas J．Bolin，David A．Stone 551
4-6 SHOULDER INJURIES IN ATHLETES Freddie H．Fu，James A．O Leary，Marc W．Urquhart，Mark W．Rodosky 564
4-7 DIAGNOSIS OF SHOULDER INSTABILITY AND LABRUM INJURIES Henry T．Leis，Mark D．Miller 577
4-8 SHOULDER INSTABILITY AND LABRAL INJURIES：SURGICAL INDICATIONS AND TECHNIQUES Scott D．Mair，Brad E．Brautigan，David N．M．Caborn 590
4-9 PAINFUL ELBOW ENTHESOPATHY，ENTRAPMENT，AND NEUROPATHY M．Ramin Modabber，Bert R．Mandelbaum 603
4-10 ELBOW INJURIES IN THE THROWING ATHLETE，INCLUDING INSTABILITY AND OSTEOCHONDRAL CHONDRAL LESIONS Shinji Kashiwagucgi，Takaaki Ikata 610
4-11 KNEE LIGAMENT INJURIES：EPIDEMIOLOGY，MECHANISM，DIAGNOSIS，AND NATURAL HISTORY Gregory C．Fanelli，David R．Maish 619
4-12 TECHNIQUES IN KNEE LIGAMENT SURGERY Jeff Brand，Jr，Darren L．Johnson 636
4-13 ARTICULAR CARTILAGE INJURIES OF THE KNEE Peter S．Borden，Scott D．Ma?r，Vladimir Bobic，Darren L．Johnson 655
4-14 MENISCAL INJURY Emin Taskiran，M．Halan Ozsoy 663
4-15 ANTERIOR KNEE PAIN AND PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT INSTABILITY Alexander Kalenak 678
4-16 THE ARTHROSCOPIC MANAGEMENT OF ANKLE INJURIES IN ATHLETES Champ L．Baker，Jr，W．David Bruce 686
SECTION 5 INFECTION 695
ARLEN D．HANSSEN 695
5-1 DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF MUSCULOSKELETAL INFECTION Douglas R．Osmon 695
5-2 PEDIATRIC OSTEOMYELITIS AND SEPTIC ARTHRITIS William J．Shaughnessy 708
5-3 ADULT OSTEOMYELITIS AND SEPTIC ARTHRITIS Robert H．Fitzgerald，Jr，George cierny III 718
5-4 INFECTED FRACTURES AND NONUNIONS Declan J．M．Bowler，Peler Keogh 727
5-5 HAND INFECTIONS Stephen B．Schnall，Scott Waller 738
5-6 SPINAL INFECTIONS Mark B．Dekutoski 748
5-7 INFECTED TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY Joshua A．Urban，Kevin L．Garvin 755
5-8 INFECTED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY Henry D．Clarke，Giles R．Scuderi，Arlen D．Hanssen 769
5-9 NECROTIZING FASCIITIS AND SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS Allen T．Bishop，Steven Schnall 780
5-10 ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY IN THE IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST James V．Luck，Jr，Colby Young 787
RAJ SINHA，HARRY RUBASH 807
6-1 OVERVIEW OF ARTHRITIS Michael H．Huo，Omer A．llahi 807
SECTION6 ARTHRITIDES ARTHROPATHIES 807
6-2 OSTEOARTHRITIS P．John Kumar，Gerald Levy 810
6-3 INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIS Timothy M．Wright，Aido Vincent Londino 819
6-4 CRYSTALLINE ARTHROPATHIES Mary Chester M．Wasko，Timothy M．Wright 825
UPPER EXTREMITY RECOUNT 831
6-5 NEUROPATHIC ARTHROPATHIES John S．Kirchner 831
6-6 GLENOHUMERAL ARTHRITIS Rick Placide，Gerald R．Williams，Jr 838
6-7 ARTHRITIS OF THE ELBOW John A．King，James H．Herndon，Matthew M．Tomaino 854
THE HIP 869
6-8 ARTHRITIS OF THE HIP David L．Boardman，Jay R．Liebeman 869
6-9 OSTEONECROSIS Nobuhiko Sugano 877
6-10 OSTEOTOMYARTHRODESISRESECTION Rajit Saluja 888
6-11 PRIMARY TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY William B．Macaulay，Eduardo A．Salvati 900
6-12 REVISION TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY：THE FEMORAL SIDE Arthur L．Malkani 911
6-13 REVISION THA：ACETABULUM Fares S．Haddad，Bassam A．Masri，Donald S．Garbuz，Clive P．Duncan 923
6-14 ARTHRITIS OF THE KNEE Jonathan L，Schaffer，Peter J Gard，Daniel Solomon 936
6-15 OSTEOTOMIES ABOUT THE KNEE Stephen G．Manlfold，Michael A．Kelly，Lars Richardson，Thomas J．Glll 947
6-16 KNEE ARTHROPLASTY Yram J．Groff，Anton Y．Plakseychuk，Lawrence S．Crossett 961
6-17 REVISION TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY Raj K．Sinha 967
COMPLICATIONS 974
6-18 MANAGEMENT OF COMPLICATIONS AFTER JOINT ARTHROPLASTY Nicholas G．Sotereanos，Robert F．Hube，sokratis E．Varitimidis，Ulrich schietsch 974
6-19 PARTICULATE DISEASE Stuart B．Goodman 983
SECTION7 MUSCULOSKELETAL TUMORS 991
DEMPSEY S．SPRINGFIELD 991
7-1 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BONE TUMORS Michael J．Klein 991
7-2 BIOPSY Mark T．Scarborough，Gerard Powell 1002
7-3 IRRADIATION FOR MUSCULOSKELETAL TUMORS Dempsey S．Springfield 1006
7-4 CHEMOTHERAPY Linda Granowetter 1010
BONE TUMORS 1014
7-5 CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND RECOMMENDED EVALUATION OF A PATIENT WITH A SUSPECTED BONE TUMOR Terrance D．Peabody 1014
7-6 BENIGN BONE TUMORS Theodore W．Parsons III 1027
7-7 MALIGNANT BONE TUMORS Marco Manfrini 1035
7-8 MANAGEMENT/SURGERY F．W．Marsden 1042
SOFT-TISSUE TUMORS 1051
7-9 PRESENTATION AND EVALUATION William G．Ward，Sr 1051
7-10 BENIGN SOFT-TISSUE TUMORS Lawrence R．Menedez，Larissa B．Isterabadi，Alexander Fedenko 1056
7-11 MALIGNANT SOFT-TISSUE TUMORS H．Thomas Temple 1065
7-12 MANAGEMENT AND SURGERY Rodolfo Capanna，Domenico A．Campanacci 1070
METASTATIC SKELETAL DISEASE 1078
7-13 METASTATIC SKELETAL DISEASE Denis R．Clohisy 1078
MANAGEMENT 1088
7-14 NONSURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF BONE METASTASES Peter Kirkbride 1088
7-15 SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF THE SPINE J．Dominic Femino，James D．Bruckner 1094
7-16 METASTATIC DISEASE OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY H．Thomas Temple 1102
7-17 SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF METASTATIC DISEASE OF THE PELVIS Mary I．O Connor 1108
7-18 LOWER EXTREMITY METASTASES Frank I．Frassica，Steven A．Lietman， Deborah Anne Frassica 1116
8-1 MECHANISMS OF DISK AND MUSCULOSKELETAL BACK PAIN Robert F．Mclain，Gordon R．Bell 1125
STEVEN R．GARFIN 1125
SECTION8 SPINE 1125
8-2 ADULT SCOLIOSIS Glenn M．Amundson，Marc Asher 1132
8-3 LUMBAR SPONDYLOLISTHESIS Louis G．Jenis Howard S．An 1138
8-4 CERVICAL DISK DISEASE Jeffrey S．Flschgrund，Harry N．Herkowitz 1146
8-5 THORACIC DISK HERNIATIONS Srdjan Mirkovic 1154
8-6 LOW BACK PAIN AND SCIATICA Todd J．Albert，Kush Singh 1162
8-7 SPINAL STENOSIS Alexander R．Vaccaro，Dan A．Zlotolow 1174
8-8 WHIPLASH Jack E．Zlgler，Marion McGregor，John J．Triano 1185
8-9 CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN Tom G．Mayer，Robert J．Gatchl，Trent H．Evans 1192
8-10 COMPLICATIONS OF SPINAL SURGERY S．Tim Yoon，Serena S．Hu 1198
8-11 SPINAL BIOMECHANICS Geoffrey M．McCullen，Nathaniel Ordway，Hansen A．Yuan 1206
8-12 SPINE FUSION：BLOLOGICAL AND MECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS Geoffrey M．McCullen，Navin Kilambi，Steven R．Garfin 1214
SECTION 9 PEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDICS 1223
JAMES C．DRENNAN，KENNETH GUIDERA 1223
9-1 FAILURE OF FORMATION OF THE LIMBS R．M．Bemstein，H．G．Watts 1223
9-2 CONGENITAL ABSENCE OF THE FIBULAE James A．Harder 1230
9-3 ACQUIRED AMPUTATIONS IN CHILDREN Yoshio Setoguchi，Dawn Marie Ickes 1240
9-4 GENETICS 1 Benjamin A．Alman，Michael J．Golderg 1246
9-5 GENETICS II：GENETIC SYNDROMES WITH ORTHOPAEDIC MANIFESTATIONS Keith R．Gabriel 1256
9-6 METABOLIC CONDITIONS Dennis P．Grogan，Harry K．W．Kim 1271
9-7 HEMATOPOIETIC CONDITIONS Laurie O．Hughes，James Aronson 1281
9-8 INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIDES：JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS，SERONEGATIVE SPONDYLOARTHROPATHIES，TRANSIENT SYNOVITIS，HEMOPHILIC ARTHROPATHY Timothy P．Carey 1315
UPPER EXTREMITY AXIAL SKELETON 1322
9-9 UPPER EXTREMTY （ACQUIRED ERB S） M．Mark Hoffer 1322
9-10 THE CONGENITAL HAND George E．Omer，Jr，Miguel A．Pirela-Cruz 1328
9-11 IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS Mary E．Hurley，Vincent J．Devlin 1340
9-12 SCOLIOSIS：CONGENITAL AND NEUROMUSCULAR Thomas S．Renshaw 1352
9-13 CERVICAL：KLIPPEL-FELL，TORTICOLLIS Peter D．Pizzutillo 1362
9-14 KYPHOSIS Laura C．Blakemore，George H．Thompson 1364
HIP 1373
9-15 EMBRYOLOGY AND ANATOMY Timothy M．Ganey，John A．Ogden 1373
9-16 DEVELOPMENTAL DYSPLASIA OF THE HIP：DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF THE NON-AMBULATOR John M．Roberts 1382
9-17 DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT IN THE AMBULATORY CHILD WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DYSPLASIA OF THE HIP George T．Rab 1394
9-18 COMPLICATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF HIP DYSPLASIA Perry L．Schoenecker 1412
9-19 LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES Dan?e? R．Coperman 1420
9-20 SLIPPED CAPITAL FEMORAL EPIPHYSIS Scott A．Hoffinger 1433
LOWER EXTREMITY 1443
9-21 CONGENITAL DEFORMITIES OF THE KNEE James H．Beaty,William C．Warner,Jr,S．Terry Canale 1443
9-22 KNEE DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENCE Scott A．Hoffinger 1451
9-23 LEG DEFORMITIES Arthur Pappas,Errol Mortimer 1456
9-24 CLUBFOOT Alain Diméglio,Frédérique Bonnet 1475
9-25 VERTICAL TALUS Marek Napiontek 1489
9-26 TARSAL COALITION Tomas Epeldegui 1496
9-27 FLEXIBLE FLATFOOT,METATARSUS ADDUCTUS,SKEWFOOT Vincent S．Mosca 1504
9-28 BUNIONS Hdidi M．Stephens 1510
9-29 LIMB LENGTH DISCREPANCY Ellen M．Raney,Amira A．Helai 1519
10-1 CEREBRAL PALSY:OVERVIEW AND MANAGEMENT OF SPINAL DEFORMITIES Steven E．Koop 1529
SECTION 10 NEUROMUSCULAR 1529
WALTER B．GREENE 1529
10-2 GUIDELINES FOR MANAGING LOWER EXTREMITY PROBLEMS IN CEREBRAL PALSY Michael D．Aiona 1534
10-3 CEREBRAL PALSY:UPPER EXTREMITY William B．Strecker 1541
10-4 FRIEDREICH S ATAXIA AND RETT S SYNDROME Hubert Labelle 1546
10-5 ANTERIOR HORN CELL DISEASES John R．Fisk,David Hatfield 1551
10-6 MYELOMENIGOCELE John V．Banta 1558
10-7 HEREOITARY SENSORY MOTOR NEUROPATHIES Brian G．Smith 1567
10-8 MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY Michael D．Sussman 1573
10-9 NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1 Walter B．Greene 1584
10-10 ARTHROGRYPOSIS Robert M．Bernstein,William L．Oppenheim 1588
10-11 ACQUIRED CEREBROSPASTIC DISORDER:STROKE,BRAIN INJURY John D．Hsu 1594
10-12 PEDIATRIC SPINAL CORD INJURY:LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT John P．Lubicky 1599
CHARLES SALTZMAN 1607
11-1 LIGAMENT INJURIES OF THE FOOT AND ANKLE David A．Porter 1607
SECTION 11 FOOT AND ANKLE 1607
11-2 ANKLE ARTHRITIS DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT Nicholas A．Abidi,Sheidon S．Lin 1622
11-3 TENDINOPATHIES OF THE FOOT AND ANKLE Scott T．McMullen,Timothy C．Fitzgibbons 1638
11-4 THE RHEUMATOID FOOT AND ANKLE Judith F．Baumhauer 1654
11-5 THE DIABETIC FOOT Naomi Laird,Mark Slovenkai,chartes L．Saitzman 1665
11-6 NERVE PROBLEMS OF THE FOOT AND ANKLE Lew C．Schon,Ilan Cohen,Mark E．Easley 1681
11-7 ACQUIRED ADULT FLATFOOT DEFORMITY Jonathan T．Deland,II Hoon Sung 1699
11-8 MIDFOOT ARTHRITIS Steven A．Herbst,Douglas Beaman,Lisa DeGnore,Charles L．Saltzman 1710
11-9 DISORDERS OF THE FIRST RAY Brian G．Donley,E．Greer Richardson 1718
11-10 PROBLEMS OF THE LESSER TOES Sylvia Resch 1731
11-11 OPTHOTIC MANAGEMENT OF FOOT AND ANKLE PROBLEMS Donald G．Shurr,Chris Feliner 1742
SECTION 12 HAND AND PERIPHERAL NERVE SOFT-TISSUE AND BONE INJURIES 1751
PETER J．STERN 1751
12-1 NAIL BED AND FINGERTIP INJURIES Robert L．Bass 1751
12-2 FLEXOR TENDON INJURIES Fraser J．Leversedge,John G．Seiler Ⅲ 1758
12-3 EXTENSOR TENDON INJURIES Mary LynnNewport 1767
12-4 TENDINTIS OF THE HAND AND WRIST Stephen H．Lacey 1772
12-5 WRIST INSTABILITY Subir Jossan,Scott W．Wolfe 1779
12-6 NONUNION OF THE SCAPHOID Randall W．Culp 1786
12-7 METACARPAL AND PHALANGEAL NONUNIONS William B．Geissiler 1791
MICROVASCULAR SURGERY AND SOFT-TISSUE COVERAGE 1794
12-8 GENERAL ASPECTS OF MICROVASCULAR TISSUE REPLANTATION Peter J．Evans,David S．Ruch 1794
12-9 REGIONAL FLAPS Robert J．Go?tz,Matthew M．Tomaino 1803
12-10 DISTANT FLAPS:PEDICLE AND FREE Neil J．Wells,Douglas P．Hanel 1808
RECONSTRUCTION 1817
12-11 RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIC HAND Andrew L．Terrono 1817
12-12 OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE HAND David R．Steinberg 1830
12-13 POST-TRAUMATIC THUMB RECONSTRUCTION Guy Foucher 1837
12-14 GAMEKEEPER S THUMB Dean G．Sotereanos,Sokratis E．Var?timidis 1845
12-15 ARTHRODESIS Edward Diao 1848
12-16 TENDON TRANSFERS IN THE UPPER EXTREMITY Jack Choueka,Daniel P．Mass 1859
12-17 BONE AND SOFT-TISSUE TUMORS OF THE HAND AND WRIST Michael Bothwell,Kevin D．Piancher 1866
12-18 KIENB?CK S DISEASE Michell Gerwin 1873
12-19 DUPUYTREN S CONTRACTURE Thomas J．Graham,Thomas R．Hunt 1881
CONGENITAL DEFORMITIES 1889
12-20 RADIAL CLUBHAND Scott H．Kozin 1889
12-21 SYNDACTYLY John D．Lubahn 1895
12-22 THUMB（INCLUDING FLEXED,DUPLICATED,AND HYPOPLASTIC） Marybeth Ezaki 1899
NERVE COMPRESSION AND INJURY 1906
12-23 PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURIES Peter J．L．Jebson 1906
12-24 BRACHIAL PLEXUS INJURIES Peter M．Waters 1914
12-25 COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME IN THE UPPER EXTREMITY Harris Gellman,Evan Collins 1921
12-26 NERVE PHYSIOLOGY AND REPAIRS Thomas E．Trumble,Wren V．McCallister 1929
12-27 MEDIAN NERVE COMPRESSION Joseph M．Failla 1936
12-28 RADIAL NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES Divya Singh,Thomas Breen 1941
12-29 ULNAR NERVE COMPRESSION Brian D．Adams 1945
INDEX 1953