PART ONE BACKGROUND 1
CHAPTER 1 Introduction 3
1.1 A Brief Networking History 4
1.2 The Need for Speed and Quality of Service 13
1.3 Advanced TCP/IP and ATM Networks 18
1.4 Outline of the Book 21
Appendix 1A Internet and Web Resources 23
CHAPTER 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 27
2.1 The Need for a Protocol Architecture 27
2.2 The TCP/IP Protocol Architecture 28
2.3 The OSI Model 36
2.4 Internetworking 37
2.5 Recommended Reading and Web Site 44
2.6 Problems 44
CHAPTER 3 TCP and IP 47
3.1 Transmission ControlProtocol (TCP) 47
3.2 User Datagram Protocol 50
3.3 The Internet Protocol (IP) 51
3.4 IPv6 59
3.5 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 68
3.6 Problems 69
PART TWO HIGH-SPEED NETWORKS 71
CHAPTER 4 Frame Relay 73
4.1 Packet-Switching Networks 73
4.2 Frame Relay Networks 82
4.3 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 88
4.4 Problems 89
CHAPTER 5 Asynchronous Transfer Mode 91
5.1 ATM Protocol Architecture 92
5.2 ATM Logical Connections 93
5.3 ATM Cells 98
5.4 ATM Service Categories 104
5.5 ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) 107
5.6 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 118
5.7 Problems 118
CHAPTER 6 High-Speed LANs 121
6.1 The Emergence of High-Speed LANs 122
6.2 Ethernct 123
6.3 Fibre Channel 140
6.4 Wireless LANs 144
6.5 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 152
6.6 Problems 153
PART THREE PERFORMANCE MODELING AND ESTIMATION 155
CHAPTER 7 Overview of Probability and Stochastic Process 159
7.1 Probability 159
7.2 Random Variables 164
7.3 Stochastic Processes 170
7.4 Recommended Reading and Web Site 179
7.5 Problems 179
CHAPTER 8 Queuing Analysis 183
8.1 How Queues Behave—A Simple Example 184
8.2 Why Queuing Analysis 188
8.3 Queuing Models 189
8.4 Single-Server Queues 197
8.5 Multiserver Queues 199
8.6 Examples 200
8.7 Queues with Priorities 205
8.8 Networks of Queues 206
8.9 Other Queuing Models 210
8.10 Estimating Model Parameters 211
8.11 Recommended Reading and Web Site 214
8.12 Problems 215
CHAPTER 9 Self-Similar Traffic 219
9.1 Self-Similarity 220
9.2 Self-Similar Data Traffic 223
9.3 Examples of Self-Similar Data Traffic 232
9.4 Performance Implications of Self-Similarity 237
9.5 Modeling and Estimation of Self-Similar Data Traffic 241
9.6 Recommended Reading and Web Site 244
9.7 Problems 245
Appendix 9A The Hurst Self-Similarity Parameter 245
PART FOUR CONGESTION AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT 249
CHAPTER 10 Congestion Control in Data Networks and Internets 253
10.1 Effects of Congestion 254
10.2 Congestion and Control 259
10.3 Traffic Management 262
10.4 Congestion Control in Packet-Switching Networks 264
10.5 Frame Relay Congestion Control 264
10.6 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 270
10.7 Problems 271
CHAPTER 11 Link-Level Flow and Error Control 275
11.1 The Need for Flow and Error Control 276
11.2 Link Control Mechanisms 279
11.3 ARQ Performance 288
11.4 Recommended Reading 299
11.5 Problems 300
Appendix 11A High-Level Data Link Control 302
CHAPTER 12 TCP Traffic Control 309
12.1 TCP Flow Control 309
12.2 TCP Congestion Control 322
12.3 Performance of TCP Over ATM 340
12.4 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 352
12.5 Problems 353
CHAPTER 13 Traffic and Congestion Control in ATM Networks 355
13.1 Requirements for ATM Traffic and Congestion Control 356
13.2 ATM Traffic-Related Attributes 361
13.3 Traffic Management Framework 366
13.4 Traffic Control 367
13.5 ABR Traffic Management 380
13.6 GFR Traffic Management 391
13.7 Recommended Reading 395
13.8 Problems 396
PART FIVE INTERNET ROUTING 397
CHAPTER 14 Overview of Graph Theory and Least-Cost Paths 401
14.1 Elementary Concepts of Graph Theory 402
14.2 Shortest Path Length Determination 409
14.4 Problems 415
14.3 Recommended Reading 415
15.1 Internet Routing Principles 419
CHAPTER 15 Interior Routing Protocols 419
15.2 Distance-Vector Protocol:RIP 426
15.3 Link-State Protocol:OSPF 433
15.4 Recommended Reading and Web Site 441
15.5 Problems 442
CHAPTER 16 Exterior Routing Protocols and Multicast 443
16.1 Path-Vector Protocols:BGP and IDRP 443
16.2 Multicasting 450
16.4 Problems 465
16.3 Recommended Reading and Web Site 465
PART SIX QUALITY OF SERVICE IN IP NETWORKS 467
CHAPTER 17 Integrated and Differentiated Services 469
17.1 Integrated Services Architecture (ISA) 470
17.2 Queuing Discipline 477
17.3 Random Early Detection 485
17.4 Differentiated Services 492
17.5 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 500
17.6 Problems 502
Appendix 17A Real-Time Traffic 503
CHAPTER 18 Protocols for QoS Support 507
18.1 Resource Reservation:RSVP 508
18.2 Multiprotocol Label Switching 521
18.3 Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) 533
18.4 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 544
18.5 Problems 545
PART SEVEN COMPRESSION 547
CHAPTER 19 Overview of Information Theory 549
19.1 Information and Entropy 549
19.2 Coding 554
19.4 Problems 561
19.3 Recommended Reading 561
CHAPTER 20 Lossless Compression 563
20.1 Run-Length Encoding Techniques 564
20.2 Facsimile Compression 567
20.3 Arithmetic Coding 574
20.4 String-Matching Algorithms 581
20.5 Recommended Reading and Web Site 587
20.6 Problems 588
CHAPTER 21 Lossy Compression 591
21.1 Discrete Cosine Transform 592
21.2 Wavelet Compression 598
21.3 JPEG Image Compression 608
21.4 MPEG Video Compression 619
21.5 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 625
21.6 Problems 627
APPENDICES 629
APPENDIX A Standards and Standards-Setting Organizations 629
A.1 The Importance of Standards 629
A.2 Standards and Regulation 630
A.3 Internet Standards and the Internet Society 631
A.4 The International Telecommunications Union 635
A.5 IEEE 802 Standards 636
APPENDIX B Sockets 639
B.1 Versions of Sockets 640
B.2 Sockets,Socket Descriptors，Ports，and Connection 641
B.3 The Client/Server Model of Communication 642
B.4 Sockets Elements 644
B.5 Stream and Datagram Sockets 660
B.6 Run-Time Program Control 665
B.7 Remote Execution of a Windows Console Application 669
GLOSSARY 679
REFERENCES 687
INDEX 701