目 录 1
前言 1
总论 1
一、研究简史 1
(一)我国典籍中的沙蚕 1
(二)沙蚕科的研究简史 3
(三)裂虫等科的分类研究 7
二、形态和生理 10
(一)外部形态 10
(二)结构和生理 18
三、分类系统 24
四、生境、分布和习性 29
(一)生境 29
(二)地理分布 32
(三)生殖习性 40
五、研究意义 51
(一)沙蚕的养殖 51
(二)其他 58
各论 63
多毛纲Polychaeta 63
沙蚕目Nereidida(=Nereimorpha) 63
一、沙蚕科Nereididae Johnston,1865 64
(一)溪沙蚕亚科Namanereidinae Hartman,1959 65
1.美沙蚕属Lycastopsis Augener,1924 65
(1)多美沙蚕Lycastopsis augeneri Okuda,1937 66
2.溪沙蚕属Namalycastis Hartman,1959 67
(2)溪沙蚕Namalycastis abiuma(Müller,1871) 67
3.鳃沙蚕属Dendronereis Peters,1854 70
(3)羽须鳃沙蚕Dendronereis pinnaticirris Grube,1878 70
4.鳞须沙蚕属Kainonereis Chamberlin,1919 71
(4)鳞须沙蚕Kainonereis alata Chamberlin,1919 72
5.裸沙蚕属Nicon Kinberg,1866 73
(5)日本裸沙蚕Nicon japonicus Imajima,1972 74
(6)斑裸沙蚕Nicon maculata Kinberg,1866 76
(7)珠角裸沙蚕Nicon moniloceras(Hartman,1940) 77
(8)中华裸沙蚕Nicon sinica Wu et Sun,1979 78
6.华沙蚕属Sinonereis Wu et Sun,1979 80
(9)华沙蚕Sinonereis heteropoda Wu et Sun,1979 80
7.舌沙蚕属Rullierinereis Pettibone,1971 82
(10)三崎舌沙蚕Rullierinereis misakiensis(Imajima et Hayashi,1969) 82
8.软疣沙蚕属Tylonereis Fauvel,1911 84
(11)软疣沙蚕Tylonereis bogoyawlenskyi Fauvel,1911 84
9.背褶沙蚕属Tambalagamia Pillai,1961 86
(12)背褶沙蚕Tambalagamia fauveli Pillai,1961 86
(13)中华背褶沙蚕Tambalagamia sinica Shen et Wu,1993 88
10.疣吻沙蚕属Tylorrhynchus Grube,1869 89
(14)疣吻沙蚕Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus(Quatrefages,1865) 89
(三)沙蚕亚科Nereidinae Johnston,1865 92
11.角沙蚕属Ceratonereis Kinberg,1866 93
(15)简毛角沙蚕Ceratonereis anchylochaeta(Horst,1924) 94
(16)缅甸角沙蚕Ceratonereis burmensis(Monro,1937) 95
(17)短须角沙蚕Ceratonereis costae(Grube,1840) 97
(18)红角沙蚕Ceratonereis erythraeensis Fauvel,1918 99
(19)羊角沙蚕Ceratonereis hircinicola(Eisig,1869) 100
(20)日本角沙蚕Ceratonereis japonica Imajima,1972 102
(21)石纹角沙蚕Ceratonereis marmorata(Horst,1924) 104
(22)角沙蚕Ceratonereis mirabilis Kinberg,1866 105
12.突齿沙蚕属Leonnates Kinberg,1866 108
(23)粗突齿沙蚕Leonnates decipiens Fauvel,1929 108
(24)突齿沙蚕Leonnates indicus Kinberg,1866 110
(25)光突齿沙蚕Leonnates persica Wesenberg-Lund,1949 112
13.拟突齿沙蚕属Paraleonnates Chlebovitsch et Wu,1962 114
(26)拟突齿沙蚕Paraleonnates uschakovi Chlebovitseh et Wu,1962 114
14.沙蚕属Nereis Linnaeus,1758 116
(27)滑镰沙蚕Nereis coutierei Gravier,1899 118
(28)梳齿沙蚕Nereisdenhamensis Augener,1913 119
(29)镰毛沙蚕Nereisfalcaria(Willey,1905) 121
(30)宽叶沙蚕Nereis grubei(Kinberg,1866) 123
(31)异须沙蚕Nereis heterocirrata Treadwell,1931………………………(125 )(32)黄海沙蚕Nereis huanghaiensis Wu,Sun et Yang,1981 127
(33)疏毛沙蚕Nereisjacksoni Kinberg,1866 128
(34)长须沙蚕Nereis longior Chlebovitseh et Wu,1962 130
(35)多齿沙蚕Nereis multignatha Imajima el Hartman,1964 132
(36)真齿沙蚕Nereis neoneanthes Hartman,1948 134
(37)齐齿沙蚕Nereis nichollsi Kott,1951 137
(38)沙蚕Nereis pelagica Linnaeus,1758 138
(39)波斯沙蚕Nereispersica Fauvel,1911 141
(40)中华沙蚕Nereis sinensis Wu,Sun et Yang,1981 143
(41)三带沙蚕Nereis trifasciata Grube,1878 145
(42)旗须沙蚕Nereis vexillosa Grube,1851 146
(43)环带沙蚕Nereis zonata Malmgren,1867 149
15.环唇沙蚕属Cheilonereis Benham,1916 151
(44)环唇沙蚕Cheilonereis cyclurus(Harrington,1897) 151
16.刺沙蚕属Neanthes Kinberg,1866 153
(45)尾刺沙蚕Neanthes caudata(Delle Chiaje,1828) 153
(46)东海刺沙蚕Neanthesdonghaiensis Wu,Sun et Yang,1981 155
(47)黄色刺沙蚕Neanthes flava Wu,Sun et Yang,1981 157
(48)腺带刺沙蚕Neanthes glandicincta(Southern,1921) 158
(49)日本刺沙蚕Neanthesjaponica(Izuka,1908) 160
(50)色斑刺沙蚕Neanthes maculata Wu,Sun et Yang,1981 162
(51)南海刺沙蚕Neanthes nanhaiensis Wu,Sun et Yang,1981 164
(52)琥珀刺沙蚕Neanthes succinea(Frey et Leuckart,1847) 166
(53)单带刺沙蚕Neanthes unifasciata(Willey,1905) 168
17.全刺沙蚕属Nectoneanthes Imajima,1972 169
(54)锤角全刺沙蚕Nectoneanthes alatopalpis(Wesenberg-Lund,1949) 170
(55)饭岛全刺沙蚕Nectoneanthes ijimai(Izuka,1912) 171
(56)多齿全齿沙蚕Nectoneanthes multignatha Wu,Sun et Yang,1981 …(173 )(57)全刺沙蚕Nectoneanthes oxypoda(Marenzeller,1879) 174
18.围沙蚕属Perinereis Kinberg,1866 179
(58)双齿围沙蚕Perinereis aibuhitensis(Grube,1878) 180
(59)弯齿围沙蚕Perinereis camiguinoides(Augener,1922) 183
(60)斑纹围沙蚕Perinereis cavifrons(Ehlers,1920) 185
(61)独齿围沙蚕Perinereis cultrifera(Grube,1840) 186
(62)多齿围沙蚕Perinereis nuntia(Savigny,1818) 190
(63)菱齿围沙蚕Perinereis rhombodonta Wu,Sun et Yang,1981 194
(64)褐带围沙蚕Perinereis suluana(Horst,1924) 196
(65)枕围沙蚕Perinereis vallata(Grube,1857) 198
(66)扁齿围沙蚕Perinereis vancaurica(Ehlers,1868) 201
19.伪沙蚕属Pseudonereis Kinberg,1866 203
(67)异形伪沙蚕Pseudonereis anomala Gravier,1901 203
(68)伪沙蚕Pseudonereis gallapagensis Kinberg,1866 205
(69)杂色伪沙蚕Pseudonereis variegata(Grube,1857) 207
20.阔沙蚕属Platynereis Kinberg,1866 209
(70)长须阔沙蚕Platynereis abnormis(Horst,1924) 209
(71)双管阔沙蚕Platynereis bicanaliculata(Baird,1863) 211
(72)杜氏阔沙蚕Platynereis dumerilii(Audouin et Milne Edwards,1834) 216
(73)美丽阔沙蚕Platynereispulchella Gravier,1901 218
(74)中华阔沙蚕Platynereis sinica Sun,Shen et Wu,1978 220
二、裂虫科Syllidae Grube,1850 222
(一)自裂虫亚科Autolytinae Rioja,1925 224
21.自裂虫属Autolytus Grube,1850 225
(75)大型自裂虫Autolytus cf.magnus Berkeley,1923 225
(76)大田自裂虫Autolytus okadai Imajima,1966 227
(77)花色自裂虫Autolytus pictus(Ehlers,1864) 229
(78)粗毛自裂虫Autolytus robustisetus Wu et Sun,1978 231
(79)濑户自裂虫Autolytus setoernsis Imajima,1966 233
(80)小刺自裂虫Autolytus spinoculatus Imajima,1966 234
22.多链虫属Myrianida Milne Edwards,1845 235
(81)多链虫Myrianida pachycera Augener,1913 236
(二)真裂虫亚科Eusyllinae Rioja,1925 237
23.细裂虫属Amblyosyllis Groub,1857 238
(82)美丽细裂虫Amblyosyllis speciosa Izuka,1912 238
24.真裂虫属Eusyllis Malmgren,1867 240
(83)真裂虫Eusyllis blomstrandi Malmgren,1867 240
(84)叶须真裂虫Eusyllis habei Imajima,1966 241
(85)不规则真裂虫Eusyllis cf.irregulata Imajima,1966 243
25.齿裂虫属Odontosyllis Claparède,1863 244
(86)武齿裂虫Odontosyllis enopla Verrill,1900 245
(87)驼齿裂虫Odontosyllisgibba Claparède,1863 246
(88)斑齿裂虫Odontosyllis maculata Uschakov,1950 247
(89)红色齿裂虫Odontosyllis rubens Ding et Westheide,1997 248
(90)红带齿裂虫Odontosyllis rubofasciata Grube,1878 250
26.皮真裂虫属Petitia Siewing,1956 251
(91)皮真裂虫Petitia amphophthalma Siewing,1956 251
27.裸裂虫属Pionosyllis Malmgren,1867 253
(92)珊瑚裸裂虫Pionosyllis corallicola Ding et Westheide,1997 253
(93)长须裸裂虫Pionosyllis homocrrata(Hartmann-Schr?der,1958) 255
(94)马氏裸裂虫Pionosyllis malmgreni McIntosh,1869 256
28.瘤刺裂虫属Streptosyllis Websten el Benedict,1884 257
(95)宝铃瘤刺裂虫Streptosyllis baolingi Ding et Westheide,1994 258
(96)海南瘤刺裂虫Streptosyllis hainanensis Ding et Westheide,1994 260
(97)三亚似裂虫Syllides sanyaensis Ding et Westheide,1997 262
29.似裂虫属Syllides Orsted,1845 262
(三)艾裂虫亚科Exogoninae Rioja,1925 263
30.格裂虫属Brania Quatrefages,1865 264
(98)棒格裂虫Brania clavata(Claparède,1863) 264
31.球突裂虫属Eurysyllis Ehlers,1864 266
(99)南沙球突裂虫,新种Eurysyllis nanshaensis Sun et Yang,sp.nov 266
32.艾裂虫属Exogone ?rsted,1845 268
(100)不等艾裂虫Exogone dispar(Webster,1879) 269
(101)蘑须艾裂虫Exogone fungopapillata Zhao et Wu,1991 270
(102)具芽艾裂虫Exogone gemmifera Pagenstecher,1862 272
(103)艾裂虫Exogone naidina Orsted,1845 276
(104)小芽艾裂虫Exogone verugera(Claparède,1868) 278
33.沙裂虫属Psammosyllis Westheide,1990 279
(105)吴氏沙裂虫Psammosyllis wui Ding et Westheide,1997 279
34.猬球裂虫属Sphaerosyllis Claparède,1863 281
(106)中华猬球裂虫Sphaerosyllis chinensis Zhao et Wu,1991 282
(107)刺猬球裂虫Sphaerosyllis erinaeceus Claparède,1863 283
(108)腺猬球裂虫Sphaerosyllisglandulata Perkins,1981 284
(109)小猬球裂虫Sphaerosyllis hirsuta Ehlers,1897 286
(110)猬球裂虫Sphaerosyllis hystrix Claparbde,1863 288
(111)长尾猬球裂虫Sphaerosyllis longicauda Webster el Benedict,1887 289
(112)特猬球裂虫Sphaerosyllis pirifera Claparède,1868 291
(113)梨猬球裂虫Sphaerosyllis piriferopsis Perkins,1981 293
(四)裂虫亚科Syllinae Rioja,1925 295
35.鳃裂虫属Branchiosyllis Ehlers,1887 296
(114)单钩鳃裂虫Branchiosyllis abranchiata Hartmann-Schroder,1965 296
(115)钩毛鳃裂虫Branchiosyllis exilis(Gravier,1900) 297
36.圆锯裂虫属Dentatisyllis Perkins,1981 299
(116)香港圆锯裂虫Dentatisyllis hongkongensis Ding,Licher et Westheide,1998 299
(117)巾毛圆锯裂虫Dentatisyllis inflata(Marenzeller,1879) 301
37.刺裂虫属Ehlersia Quatrafages,1868 305
(119)额刺裂虫Ehlersia cornuta(Rathke,1843) 305
(120)少环刺裂虫Ehlersia ferrugina Langerhans,1881 307
(121)异毛刺裂虫Ehlersia heterochaeta(Moore,1909) 309
(122)日本刺裂虫Ehlersia japonica(Imajima,1966) 310
(123)玫瑰刺裂虫Ehlersia rosea(Imajima,1966) 312
38.单裂虫属Haplosyllis Langerhans,1879 313
(124)柳珊瑚单裂虫,新种Haplosyllis gorgoniacolo Sun et Yang,sp.nov 313
(125)海南单裂虫Haplosyllis hainanensis Sun,1996 317
(126)单裂虫Haplosyllis spongicola(Grube,1855) 318
(127)触海绵单裂虫Haplosyllis spongicola tentaculata(Marion,1879) 320
(128)背裂虫Opisthosyllis brunnea Langerhans,1879 321
39.背裂虫属Opisthosyllis Langerhans,1879 321
40.拟球须裂虫属Parasphaerosyllis Monro,1937 323
(130)濑户拟球须裂虫Parasphaerosyllis setoensis Imajima,1966 325
41.裂虫属Syllis Savigny,1818 326
(131)粗毛裂虫Syllis amica Quatrefagcs,1865 327
(132)叉毛裂虫Syllisgracilis Grube,1840 330
(133)海绵裂虫Syllis spongiphila Verrill,1885 331
42.钻穿裂虫属Trypanosyllis Claparede,1864 332
(134)带形条钻穿裂虫Trypanosyllis(Trypanedenta)taeniaformis(HaswelI,1886) 333
(135)钻穿裂虫Trypanosyllis(Trypanosyllis)zebra(Grube,1860) 334
43.模裂虫属Typosyllis Langerhans,1879 336
(137)千岛模裂虫Typosyllis adamantens kurilensis(Chlebovitsch,1959) 339
(138)轮替模裂虫Typosyllis alternata(Moore,1908) 340
(139)似环模裂虫Typosyllis armillaris(Müller,1776) 342
(140)本格拉模裂虫Typosyllis benguellana(Day,1963) 345
(141)扁模裂虫Typosyllisfasciata(Malmgren,1867) 346
(142)有腺模裂虫Typosyllis glandulosa(Augerner,1913) 350
(143)透明模裂虫Typosyllis hyaliyna(Grube,1863) 351
(144)黄色模裂虫Typosyllis lutea Hartmann-Schr?der,1960 353
(145)斑钩模裂虫Typosyllis maculata Imajima,1966 354
(146)奇毛模裂虫Typosyllis magnipectinis(Storch,1967) 355
(147)圆模裂虫Typosyllis monilata Imajima,1966 357
(148)日本模裂虫Typosyllis nipponica Imajima,1966 359
(149)梳毛模裂虫Typosyllis pectinans Haswell,1920 360
(150)多育模裂虫Typosyllis prolifera(Krohn,1852) 362
(151)规则模裂虫Typosyllis regulata Imajima,1966 364
(152)杂色模裂虫Typosyllis variegata(Grube,1860) 365
(153)条斑模裂虫Typosyllis vittata(Grube,1840) 367
三、海女虫科Hesionidae Grube,1850 368
44.英虫属Gyptis Marion et Bobretzky,1875 370
(154)唇英虫Gyptis labatus(Hessles,1925) 370
(155)太平洋英虫Gyptispacificus(Hessles,1925) 371
(156)横斑海女虫Hesionegenetta Grube,1878 373
45.海女虫属Hesione Lamarck,1818 373
(157)纵纹海女虫Hesione intertexta Grube,1878 374
(158)紫斑海女虫Hesionepantherina Risso,1826 376
(159)海女虫Hesione splendida Savigny,1818 377
(160)沙巢海女虫Hesionides arenaria Friedrich,1937 378
46.巢海女虫属Hesionides Friedrich,1937 378
47.异健足虫属Heteropodark Hartmann-Schr?der,1962 380
(161)非洲异健足虫Heteropodark heteromorpha africana Hartmann-Schr?der,1974 380
48.海结虫属Leocrates Kinberg,1866 383
(163)海结虫Leocrates chinensis Kinberg,1866 384
(164)无疣海结虫Leocrates claparedii(Costa,1868) 385
49.微目虫属Microphthalmus Mecznikow,1865 387
50.小健足虫属Micropodarke Okuda,1938 389
(167)双小健足虫Micropodarke dubia(Hessle,1925) 390
(168)背毛蛇潜虫Ophiodromus agilis(Ehlers,1864) 391
51.蛇潜虫属Ophiodromus Sars,1862 391
(169)狭细蛇潜虫Ophiodromus angutifrons(Grube,1878) 393
(170)无背毛蛇潜虫Ophiodromus berrisfordi Day,1967 394
(171)暗蛇潜虫Ophiodromus cf.obscura(Verrill,1873) 395
52.海裂虫属Syllidia Quatrefages,1865 396
(172)海裂虫Syllidia armata Quatrefages,1865 397
(173)锚颚海裂虫,新种Syllidia anchoragnatha Sun et Yang,sp.nov 398
四、白毛虫科Pilargidae Saint-Joseph,1899 400
53.钩裂虫属Ancistrosyllis McIntosh,1879 401
(174)短须钩裂虫Ancistrosyllis brevicirris Rangarajan,1964 401
54.钩虫属Cabira Webster,1879 402
(175)白毛钩虫Cabira pilargiformis(Uschakov et Wu,1962) 402
55.拟刺毛虫属Parandalia Emersen et Fauchald,1971 403
(176)印度拟刺毛虫Parandalia indica(Thomas,1963) 404
56.白毛虫属Pilargis Saint-Joseph,1899 405
(177)贝氏白毛虫Pilargis berkeleyae Monro,1933 405
(178)莫氏白毛虫Pilargis mohri Gallardo,1968 407
57.钩毛虫属Sigambra Müller,1858 408
(179)巴氏钩毛虫Sigambra bassi Hartman,1947 408
(180)花冈钩毛虫Sigambra hanaokai(Kitamori,1960) 409
58.刺毛虫属Symelmis Chamberlin,1919 411
(181)阿氏刺毛虫Synelmis albini(Langerhans,1881) 411
(182)越南刺毛虫Symelmis annamitaGallardo,1967 413
五、齿吻沙蚕科Nephtyidae Grube,1850 414
59.内卷齿蚕属Aglaophamus Kinberg,1866 416
(183)双鳃内卷齿蚕Aglaophamus dibranchis(Grube,1878) 417
(185)杰氏内卷齿蚕Aglaophamusjeffreysii(McIntosh,1885) 420
(186)叶须内卷齿蚕Aglaophamus lobatus Imajima et Takeda,1985 422
(187)东方内卷齿蚕Aglaophamus orientalis Fauchald,1968 423
(189)中华内卷齿蚕Aglaophamus sinensis(Fauvel,1932) 425
(190)暖湿内卷齿蚕Aglaophamus tepens Fauchald,1968 427
60.圆锯齿吻沙蚕属Dentinephtys Imajima et Takeda,1987 428
(191)圆锯齿吻沙蚕Dentinephtys glabra(Hartman,1950) 429
61.无疣齿吻沙蚕属Inermonephtys Fauchald,1968 430
(192)加氏无疣齿吻沙蚕Inermonephtys cf.gallardi Fauchald,1968 431
(193)无疣齿吻沙蚕Inermonephtys inermis(Ehlers,1887) 432
(194)须无疣齿吻沙蚕lnermonephtys palpata Paxton,1974 434
63.齿吻沙蚕属Nephtys Cuvier,1817 437
(196)囊叶齿吻沙蚕Nephtys caeca(Fabricius,1780) 438
(197)加州齿吻沙蚕Nephtys californiensis Hartman,1938 440
(198)毛齿吻沙蚕Nephtys ciliata(Miiller,1776) 441
(199)长毛齿吻沙蚕Nephtys longosetosa ?ersted,1843 443
(200)新多鳃齿吻沙蚕Nephtys neopolybranchia Imajima et Takeda,1987 445
(201)寡鳃齿吻沙蚕Nephtys oligobranchia Southern,1921 446
(202)奇异齿吻沙蚕Nephtys paradoxa Malm,1874 448
(203)多鳃齿吻沙蚕Nephtys polybranchia Southern,1921 450
参考文献 452
英文摘要 474
中名索引 499
学名索引 504
《中国动物志》已出版书目 509
图版 519
(136)东方足刺模裂虫Typosyllis aciculata orientalis Imajima et Hartman, 1964
(129)夏夷拟球须裂虫Parasphaerosyllis ezoensis lmajima et Hartman, 1964
(184)吉浦内卷齿蚕Aglaophamus cf.gippslandicus Rainer et Hutchings, 1977
62.微齿吻沙蚕属Micronephtys Friedrich,1939 (436 )(195)东球须微齿吻沙蚕Micronephtys sphaerocirrata orientalis Lee et Jae, 1983
(166)太平哈氏微目虫Microphthalmus hartmane pacificus Yamanishi, 1984
(188)普吉内卷齿蚕Aglaophamus phuketensis Nateewathana et Hylleberg, 1985
(二)裸吻沙蚕亚科Gymnonereidinae Banse,1977,emend.Fitzhugh, 1987
(165)双须微目虫Microphthalmus biantennatus Wu,Zhao et Westheide, 1993
(162)厦门异健足虫Heteropodark xiamenensis Ding,Wu et Westhide, 1997
(118)莫氏圆锯裂虫Dentatisyllis mortoni Ding,Licher et Westheide, 1998