FOREWORD 1
PREFACE 1
1．INTRODUCTION 1
Contents 1
1．Incidence and Mortality 2
2．Diagnostic Accuracy 3
3 Problem of Inadequate Smears 4
4．False Negative Rate 6
5．False-Positive Rate 7
B．Sensitivity Rate in Histological Typing of Breast Carcinoma 9
6．Classification of Tumour Types and Their Positive Rate 9
A．Histological Classification of Breast Tumours by WHO 9
7 Comparison of Carcinoma Detection Rates with Various Methods 10
8．Technical Notes:Technique,Indication,Complications 11
2．ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE MAMMARY GLAND 13
1．Duct System 14
2．Stroma 14
3．Areola and Nipple 14
7．Mammary Gland in the Male 15
6．Menstrual Cyclic Changes 15
5．Different Periods of Life 15
4．Ductal Epithelium 15
3．THE CYTOLOGY OF NIPPLE SECRETION 26
1．Introduction 27
2．Endocrine Disorders 31
3．Inflammation 32
4．Duct Ectasia(Periductal Mastitis) 32
5．Calcification 32
7．Intraductal Papilloma 33
8 The Cytologic Features of Benign Smears 33
6．Benign Ductal Epithelial Hyperplasia 33
9 The Cytologic Features of Malignant Smears 34
10．The Characteristics of Malignant Cell Clusters 36
11．The Characteristics of Malignant Single Cells 37
12．Comparison Between Benign and Malignant Smears 37
4．EPITHELIAL AND STROMAL CELLS OF NORMAL BREAST AND NEIGHBOURING 93
ORGANS 93
7．Histiocytic Cells 94
6．Stromal Tissue 94
5．Fat Tissue 94
4．Epidermal Cells and Epidermal Fragments 94
3．Myoepithelial Cells 94
2．Cells From Terminal Ducts/Acini 94
1．Benign Ductal Cells 94
8．Bone Marrow Cells 95
5．BREAST IN PREGNANCY AND LACTATION PERIOD 109
1．Pregnancy 110
2．Lactation 110
4．Lactating Adenoma 111
3．Proliferative Ductal Cells of Pregnancy and Lactation 111
6．INFLAMMATORY AND TUMOUR-LIKE LESIONS 125
1．Inflammatory Lesions 126
A．Subacute and Chronic Mastitis 126
B．Granulomatous Mastitis 126
C．Plasma Cell Mastitis 126
D．Tuberculosis 126
2．Fat Necrosis 127
7．BREAST CYSTS 140
1．Cystic Disease 141
3．Diagnostic Accuracy of Cytologic Examination in FNAB 142
2．Gross Cysts 142
4．Subclassification of Gross Cysts 143
A．Milk Cyst(Galactocele) 143
B．Inflammatory Cyst 143
C．Simple Cyst 143
D．Pseudoepithelial Cyst 143
E．Apocrine of“Tension”Cyst 144
F．Intracystic Papilloma 144
G．Intracystic Carcinoma 144
5．Comparative Cystic Fluid and Cytologic Pattern of Gross Cyst 145
8．EPITHELIAL HYPERPLASIA AND ATYPICAL HYPERPLASIA 171
1．Histological Finding 172
A．Ductal Hyperplasia． 172
B．Lobular Hyperplasia 172
C．Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia 172
D．Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia 172
2．Cytological Finding 173
A．Ductal and Lobular Hyperplasia 173
B．Atypical Ductal and Lobular Hyperplasia 173
C．Hyperplastic Cells of Myoepithelial Origin 173
4．Relationship of Benign Epithelial Hyperplasia to Cancer 174
3 Comparision of Differentiated Diagnosis 174
9．BENIGN EPITHELIAL TUMOURS 209
1．Intraductal Papilloma 210
2．Adenoma of Nipple(Subareolar Adenoma) 211
10．MALIGNANT CRITERIA OF PRIMARY BREAST CARCINOMA 230
1．Introduction 231
2．Cytologic Criteria of Carcinoma 231
A Malignant Features of Single Cells 232
3．Common Cytomorphologic Presentation in Cellular Size of Breast Carcinoma 234
C Indirect Criteria of Malignancy 234
B Malignant Findings in Cell Clusters 234
11．CORRELATION BETWEEN HISTOLOGY AND CYTOLOGY IN BREAST 265
CARCINOMA(Ⅰ) 265
1．Introduction 266
2．Intraductal Carcinoma or Ductal Carcinoma in Situ(DCIS) 267
3．Lobular Carcinoma in Situ(LCIS) 267
4．The Sensitivity Rate of Cytological Diagnosis for Noninvasive Carcinoma 268
5．Invasive Ductal Carcinoma 268
6．Invasive Lobular Carcinoma 269
CARCINOMA(Ⅱ) 332
12．CORRELATION BETWEEN HISTOLOGY AND CYTOLOGY IN BREAST 332
7．Tubular Carcinoma 333
8．Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma 333
9．Carcinoma with Carcinoid Features 334
10．Medullary Carcinoma 334
11．Papillary Carcinoma 335
13．CORRELATION BETWEEN HISTOLOGY AND CYTOLOGY IN BREAST 367
CARCINOMA(Ⅲ) 367
13．Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma 368
12．Mucinous Carcinoma 368
14．Secretary Carcinoma 369
15．Lipid-Rich Carcinoma 369
16．Apocrine Carcinoma 370
17．Small Cell Carcinoma 370
18．Carcinoma with Squamous Cell Type 370
19．Carcinoma with Spindle Cell Type 372
20．Carcinoma with Cell of Cartilagenous and Osseous Type 372
21．Paget s Disease of the Nipple 373
14．MIXED CONNECTIVE TISSUE AND EPITHELIAL TUMOURS 424
B．Histological Pattern 425
A．Introduction 425
1．Fibroadenoma 425
C．Cytological Pattern 426
D．Uncommon Cytologic Pattern 426
2 Phyllodes Tumours(Cystosarcoma Phyllodes) 426
A．Benign Phyllodes Tumour 427
B．Malignant Phyllodes Tumour 427
3．Carcinosarcoma 427
15．MISCELLANEOUS TUMOURS 458
3．Granular Cell Tumour(Myoblastoma) 459
5．Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma 459
4 Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans 459
1．Tumour-Like Lesions---Duct Ectasia 459
2．Lipoma 459
A．Tumour-Like Lesions and Soft Tissue Tumours 459
6．Stromal Sarcoma 460
7．Liposarcoma 460
8．Malignant Myoepithelioma 460
9．Angiosarcoma 460
B．Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissue 460
3．Primary Malignant Lymphoma 461
1．Leukemic Involvement 461
2．Benign Lymphatic Hyperplasia 461
16．PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS IN MALE BREAST 491
1．Benign Proliferative Conditions(Gynecomastia) 492
2．Carcinoma 492
17．METASTATIC MALIGNANT TUMOURS INVOLVING BREAST 504
1．Frequency 505
2．Tumour Types 505
3．Cytology 505
18．THE CYTOLOGY OF DIFFICULT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 520
1．Differentiation Between Benign and Malignant Cellular Criteria 521
2．Differential Characteristics of Normal,Hyperplastic,Atypical Hyperplastic and Malignant CellClusters 522
3．Differentiation Between Mastopathy and Fibroadenoma 522
4．Differentiation Between Fibroadenoma and Phyllodes Tumour 523
5．Differential Characteristics of Ductal Carcinoma and Lobular Carcinoma 523
6．Differential Characteristics of Intraductal Papilloma and Papillary Carcinoma 524
7．Differential Characteristics of Lymphatic Hyperplasia,Non-Hodgkin s Lymphoma andHodgkin s Disease 525
REFERENCES 544
INDEX 553