总论 3
Ⅰ 研究简史与展望 3
Ⅱ 水螅(polyps)和水母(medusae)形态学和组织学 9
Ⅲ 发育 36
Ⅳ 刺细胞 50
Ⅴ 地理分布 62
Ⅵ 生态作用及其实践意义 107
Ⅶ 分类系统 114
Ⅷ 鉴定特征和特征形态 116
Ⅸ 水螅虫总纲分亚纲检索 131
Ⅹ 标本采集、固定和保存 133
各论 137
水螅虫总纲Superclass Hydrozoa Owen,1843 emend.Bouillon&Boero,2000 137
自育水母纲Class Automedusa Lameere,1920 emend.Bouillon&Boero,2000 141
筐水母亚纲Subclass Narcomedusae Haeckel,1879 142
间囊水母科Family Aeginidae Gegenbaur,1857 emend.Maas,1904 143
间囊水母属Genus Aegina Eschscholtz,1829 143
拟间囊水母属Genus Aeginura Haeckel,1879 144
刺纹水母属Genus Otoporpa Xu&Zhang,1978 145
两手筐水母属Genus Solmundella Haeckel,1879 146
主囊水母科Family Cuninidae Bigelow,1913 148
摇篮水母属Genus Cunina Eschscholtz,1829 148
嗜阳水母属Genus Solmissus Haeckel,1879 153
太阳水母科Family Solmarisidae Haeckel,1879 154
坚固水母属Genus Pegantha Haeckel,1879 154
太阳水母属Genus Solmaris Haeckel,1879 157
翼水母科Family Tetraplatiidae Schuchert,2007 160
翼水母属Genus Tetraplatia Busch,1851 160
硬水母亚纲Subclass Trachymedusae Haeckel,1866(1879) 162
怪水母科Family Geryoniidae Eschscholtz,1829 162
怪水母属Genus Geryonia Péron&Lesueur,1809 163
小舌水母属Genus Liriope Lesson,1843 164
海棘水母科Family Halicreatidae Fewkes,1886 167
海棘水母属Genus Halicreas Fewkes,1882 168
海盔水母属Genus Haliscera Vanh?ffen,1902 169
海生水母属Genus Halitrephes Bigelow,1909 170
异手水母属Genus Varitentaculata He,1980 171
小帽水母科Family Petasidae Haeckel,1879 172
小帽水母属Genue Petasiella Uchida,1947 172
拟小帽水母属Genus Petasus Haeckel,1879 173
棍手水母科Family Rhopalonematidae Russell,1953 174
华丽水母属Genus Aglantha Haeckel,1879 174
壮丽水母属Genus Aglaura Péron&Lesueur,1809 175
瓮水母属Genus Amphogona Browne,1905 176
多手水母属Genus Arctapodema Dall,1907 179
短手水母属Genus Colobonema Vanh?ffen,1902 180
棕壶水母属Genus Crossota Vanh?ffen,1902 181
同手水母属Genus Homoeonema(Maas,1893)Browne,1903 182
淡绿水母属Genus Pantachogon Maas,1893 183
柄腺水母属Genus Ransonia Kramp,1947 184
棍手水母属Genus Rhopalonema Gegenbaur,1857 184
胃穴水母属Genus Sminthea Gegenbaur,1857 187
四腺水母属Genus Tetrorchis Bigelow,1909 189
水螅水母纲Class Hydroidomedusa Claus,1877 emend.Bouillon&Boero,2000 190
花水母亚纲Subclass Anthomedusae Haeckel,1879 195
丝螅水母目Order Filifera Kühn,1913 195
玛吉水母亚目Suborder Margelina Haeckel,1879 197
澳洲水母科Family Australomedusidae Russell,1971 197
张氏水母属Genus Zhangiella Bouillon,Gravili,Pagès,Gili&Boero,2006 197
高手水母科Family Bougainvilliidae Lütken,1850 200
双节螅属Genus Bimeria Wright,1859 201
高手水母属Genus Bougainvillia Lesson,1830 203
加尔螅属Genus Garveia Wright,1859 220
八束水母属Genus Koellikerina Kramp,1939 221
棱水母属Genus Lizzia Forbes,1846 229
拟线水母属Genus Nemopsis L.Agassiz,1849 230
单肢水母属Genus Nubiella Bouillon,1980 232
粗棒水母属Genus Pachycordyle Weismann,1883 241
拟单肢水母属Genus Silhouetta Millard&Bouillon,1973 243
棒螅水母科Family Clavidae McCrady,1859 244
棒螅属Genus Clava Gmelin,1791 245
瘤螅属Genus Cordylophora Allman,1844 245
冠枝螅属Genus Corydendrium Van Beneden,1844 246
海洋水母属Genus Oceania K?lliker,1853 247
灯塔水母属Genus Turritopsis McCrady,1857 249
刺胞水母科Family Cytaeididae L.Agassiz,1862 252
刺胞水母属Genus Cytaeis Eschscholtz,1829 252
介螅水母科Family Hydractiniidae L.Agassiz,1862 253
介螅水母属Genus Hydractinia Van Beneden,1841 253
拟介螅水母属Genus Parahydractinia Xu&Huang,2006 263
柔毛螅水母科Family Ptilocodiidae Coward,1909 264
鱼螅属Genus Hydrichthella Stechow,1909 265
特古水母属Genus Tregoubovia Picard,1958 266
唇腕水母科Family Rathkeidae Russell,1953 267
异唇腕水母属Genus Allorathkea Schmidt,1972 267
唇腕水母属Genus Rathkea Brandt,1838 268
柱星螅科Family Stylasteridae Gray,1847 269
双孔螅属Genus Distichopora Lamarck,1816 270
刺柱螅属Genus Errina Gray,1835 272
柱星螅属Genus Stylaster Gray,1831 273
面具水母亚目Suborder Pandeida Haeckel,1879 277
深帽水母科Family Bythotiaridae Maas,1905 278
深眼水母属Genus Bythocellata Nair,1951 278
深帽水母属Genus Bythotiara Güinther,1903 280
萼水母属Genus Calycopsis Fewkes,1882 282
郑重水母属Genus Gymnogonium Xu&Huang,1994 283
原拟帽水母属Genus Protiaropsis Stechow,1919 284
伪帽水母属Genus Pseudotiara Bouillon,1980 286
深帽水母科未定类Bythotiaridae incertae sedis 288
堪拿水母属Genus Kanaka Uchida,1947 288
真枝螅科Family Eudendriidae L.Agassiz,1862 289
真枝螅属Genus Eudendrium Ehrenberg,1834 289
多丝螅属Genus Myrionema Pictet,1893 295
叶手水母科Family Niobiidae Petersen,1979 296
叶手水母属Genus Niobia Mayer,1900 296
面具水母科Family Pandeidae Haeckel,1879 297
双手水母属Genus Amphinema Haeckel,1879 298
连帽水母属Genus Annatiara Russell,1940 305
全水母属Genus Catablema Haeckel,1879 306
丝帽水母属Genus Cirrhitiara Hartlaub,1913 307
拟双手水母属Genus Codonorchis Haeckel,1879 307
海圆水母属Genus Halitholus Hartlaub,1913 309
隔膜水母属Genus Leuckartiara Hartlaub,1913 311
潜水母属Genus Merga Hartlaub,1913 318
尖塔水母属Genus Neoturris Hartlaub,1913 325
八帽水母属Genus Octotiara Kramp,1953 327
面具水母属Genus Pandea Lesson,1843 328
拟面具水母属Genus Pandeopsis Kramp,1959 329
圆口水母属Genus Stomotoca L.Agassiz,1862 330
帝纹水母属Genus Timoides Bigelow,1904 331
面具水母科未定类Pandeidae incertae sedis 333
钟棒螅属Genus Campaniclava Allman,1864 333
枝管水母科Family Proboscidactylidae Hand&Hendrickson,1950 334
枝管水母属Genus Proboscidactyla Brandt,1834 334
原帽水母科Family Protiaridae Haeckel,1879 338
海帽水母属Genus Halitiara Fewkes,1882 338
拟海帽水母属Genus Halitiarella Bouillon,1980 340
宽帽水母属Genus Latitiara Xu&Huang,1990 342
拟帽水母属Genus Paratiara Kramp&Damas,1925 343
头螅水母目Order Capitata Khün,1913 344
摩勒水母亚目Suborder Moerisiida Poche,1914 345
哈利水母科Family Halimedusidae Arai&Brinckmann-Voss,1980 346
帽铃水母属Genus Tiaricodon Browne,1902 346
水螅科Family Hydridae Dana,1846 347
水螅属Genus Hydra Linnaeus,1758 347
摩勒水母科Family Moerisiidae Poche,1914 357
摩勒水母属Genus Moerisia Boulenger,1908 357
奥德水母属Genus Odessia Paspaleff,1937 359
球棍螅水母亚目Suborder Sphaerocorynida Peterson,1990 360
拟棍螅水母科Family Hydrocorynidae Rees,1957 360
拟棍螅水母属Genus Hydrocoryne Stechow,1907 361
似镰螅水母科Family Zancleopsidae Bouillon,1978 362
似镰螅水母属Genus Zancleopsis Hartlaub,1907 363
筒螅水母亚目Suborder Tubulariida Fleming,1828 363
枝手水母科Family Cladonematidae Gegenbaur,1857 364
枝手水母属Genus Cladonema Dujardin,1843 365
棒状水母科Family Corymorphidae Allman,1872 366
棒状水母属Genus Corymorpha M.Sars,1835 367
肋突水母属Genus Costa Huang,Xu&Lin,2012 369
真囊水母属Genus Euphysora Maas,1905 369
单手水母属Genus Gotoea Uchida,1927 382
梅尔水母属Genus Mayeri Xu,Huang&Guo,2012 382
八辐水母属Genus Octovannuccia Xu,Huang&Lin,2010 385
拟单手水母属Genus Paragotoea Kramp,1942 385
棍螅水母科Family Corynidae Johnston,1836 386
枝萨水母属Genus Cladosarsia Bouillon,1978 387
棍螅水母属Genus Coryne Gaertner,1774 388
双球水母属Genus Dicodonium Haeckel,1879 393
长管水母属Genus Dipurena McCrady,1859 394
拟长管水母属Genus Dipurenella Huang,Xu&Guo,2011 398
囊水母科Family Euphysidae Haeckel,1879 399
刺铃水母属Genus Cnidocodon Bouillon,1978 399
囊水母属Genus Euphysa Forbe,1848 402
内胞水母属Genus Euphysilla Kramp,1955 403
拟内胞水母属Genus Euphysomma Kramp,1962 404
似内胞水母属Genus Paraeuphysilla Xu,Huang&Guo,2011 405
笔螅水母科Family Pennariidae McCrady,1859 405
笔螅水母属Genus Pennaria Goldfuss,1820 406
筒螅水母科Family Tubulariidae Fleming,1828 410
外肋水母属Genus Ectopleura L.Agassiz,1862 410
斜球水母属Genus Hybocodon L.Agassiz,1860 424
刺泳水母属Genus Plotocnide Wagner,1885 427
拉发螅属Genus Ralpharia Watson,1980 428
无球水母属Genus Rhabdoon Keferstein&Ehlers,1861 428
筒螅属Genus Tubularia Linnaeus,1758 429
镰螅水母亚目Suborder Zancleida Russell,1953 430
多孔螅科Family Milleporidae Fleming,1828 431
多孔螅属Genus Millepora Linnaeus,1758 431
银币水母科Family Porpitidae Goldfuss,1818 436
银币水母属Genus Porpita Lamarck,1801 437
帆水母属Genus Velella Lamarck,1801 438
拟镰螅水母科Family Teissieridae Bouillon,1978 440
拟镰螅水母属Genus Teissiera Bouillon,1974 440
镰螅水母科Family Zancleidae Russell,1953 442
盐棍螅水母属Genus Halocoryne Had?i,1917 443
镰螅水母属Genus Zanclea Gegenbaur,1857 445
兰卡水母亚纲Subclass Laingiomedusae Bouillon,1978 453
马加水母科Family Magapiidae Schuchert&Bouillon,2009 453
金德祥水母属Genus Jindexiangus Xu&Huang,2006 454
康德水母属Genus Kantiella Bouillon,1978 455
软水母亚纲Subclass Leptomedusae Haeckel,1 866(1879) 459
锥螅水母目Order Conica Broch,1910 459
多管水母科Family Aequoreidae Eschscholtz,1829 461
多管水母属Genus Aequorea Péron&Lesueur,1809 462
胃瘤水母属Genus Gangliostoma Xu,1983 472
枝多管水母属Genus Zygocanna Haeckel,1879 474
美羽螅科Family Aglaopheniidae L.Agassiz,1862 476
美羽螅属Genus Aglaophenia Lamouroux,1812 477
裸果螅属Genus Gymnangium Hincks,1874 486
荚果螅属Genus Lytocarpia Kirchenpauer,1872 491
大喙螅属Genus Macrorhynchia Kirchenpauer,1872 495
单列螅属Genus Monoserius Marktanner-Turnerestcher,1890 500
指突水母科Family Blackfordiidae Bouillon,1984 502
指突水母属Genus Blackfordia Mayer,1910 502
钟线螅科Family Campanulinidae Hinck,1868 504
小杯螅属Genus Calycella Allman,1864 505
小盖螅属Genus Opercularella Hincks,1868 506
钟线螅科未定类Campanulinidae incertae sedis 507
钟线螅属Genus Campanulina Van Beneden,1847 507
卷丝水母科Family Cirrholoveniidae Bouillon,1984 508
卷丝水母属Genus Cirrholovenia Kramp,1959 508
侧管水母科Family Dipleurosomatidae Russell,1953 511
管叉水母属Genus Dichotomia Brooks,1903 511
侧管水母属Genus Dipleurosoma Boeck,1861 513
和平水母科Family Eirenidae Haeckel,1879 514
和平水母属Genus Eirene Eschscholtz,1829 515
螅贝水母属Genus Eugymnanthea Palombi,1935 530
真瘤水母属Genus Eutima McCrady,1859 531
强壮水母属Genus Eutonina Hartlaub,1897 541
侧丝水母属Genus Helgicirrha Hartlaub,1909 543
伊能水母属Genus Irenium Haeckel,1879 548
杯水母属Genus Phialopsis Torrey,1909 549
瘤手水母属Genus Tima Eschscholtz,1829 550
蝶螅科Family Haleciidae Hincks,1868 551
蝶螅属Genus Halecium Oken,1815 551
枝蝶螅属Genus Hydrodendron Hincks,1874 557
海翼螅科Family Halopterididae Millard,1962 559
触角螅属Genus Antennella Allman,1877 560
拟触角螅属Genus Antennellopsis J?derholm,1896 562
海翼螅属Genus Halopteris Allman,1877 564
单枝螅属Genus Monostaechas Allman,1877 566
多羽螅属Genus Polyplumaria G.O.Sars,1874 567
柄杯螅水母科Family Hebellidae Fraser,1912 568
花柄杯螅属Genus Anthohebella Boero,Bouillon&Kubota,1997 569
柄杯螅属Genus Hebella Allman,1888 571
攀缘螅属Genus Scandia Fraser,1912 574
十盘水母属Genus Staurodiscus Haeckel,1879 575
基枝螅科Family Kirchenpaueriidae Stechow,1921 581
基枝螅属Genus Kirchenpaueria Jickeli,1883 581
坚鞘螅属Genus Pycnotheca Stechow,1919 583
管螅科Family Lafoeidae A.Agassiz,1865 584
无隐管螅属Genus Acryptolaria Norman,1875 584
隐管螅属Genus Cryptolaria Busk,1857 587
丝管螅属Genus Filellum Hincks,1868 588
管螅属Genus Lafoea Lamouroux,1821 590
合螅属Genus Zygophylax Quelch,1885 592
感棒水母科Family Laodiceidae L.Agassiz,1862 597
感棒水母属Genus Laodicea Lesson,1843 597
触丝水母科Family Lovenellidae Russell,1953 599
真唇水母属Genus Eucheilota McCrady,1859 601
触丝水母属Genus Lovenella Hincks,1868 609
拟触手水母属Genus Paralovenia Bouillon,1984 614
玛拉水母科Family Malagazziidae Bouillon,1984 616
玛拉水母属Genus Malagazzia Bouillon,1984 616
八拟杯水母属Genus Octophialucium Kramp,1955 621
四管水母属Genus Tetracanna Goy,1979 626
海神水母科Family Melicertidae L.Agassiz,1862 627
拟海神水母属Genus Melicertoides Kramp,1959 628
海神水母属Genus Melicertum L.Agassiz,1862 628
拟尖塔水母属Genus Netocertoides Mayer,1900 629
帽冠水母科Family Mitrocomidae Haeckel,1879 630
拟帽冠水母属Genus Mitrocomella Haeckel,1879 630
八管水母科Family Octocannoididae Bouillon,Boero&Seghers,1991 631
八管水母属Genus Octocannoides Menon,1932 631
拟四管水母属Genus Tetracannoides Xu,Huang&Guo,2007 633
似杯水母科Family Phialellidae Russell,1953 634
似杯水母属Genus Phialella Browne,1902 634
羽螅科Family Plumulariidae McCrady,1859 636
齿羽螅属Genus Dentitheca Stechow,1919 637
纽羽螅属Genus Nemertesia Lamouroux,1812 640
羽螅属Genus Plumularia Lamarck,1816 643
桧叶螅科Family Sertulariidae Lamouroux,1812 648
对鞘螅属Genus Amphisbetia L.Agassiz,1862 649
匍茎螅属Genue Calamphora Allman,1888 650
双唇螅属Genus Diphasia L.Agassiz,1862 650
强叶螅属Genus Dynamena Lamouroux,1812 654
弗氏螅属Genus Fraseroscyphus Boero&Bouillon,1993 658
奥鞘螅属Genus Hydrallmania Hincks,1868 659
特异螅属Genus Idiellana Cotton&Godfrey,1942 660
海女螅属Genus Salacia Lamouroux,1816 661
小桧叶螅属Genus Sertularella Gray,1848 664
桧叶螅属Genus Sertularia Linnaeus,1758 674
辫螅属Genus Symplectoscyphus Marktanner-Turneretscher,1890 682
柏螅属Genus Thuiaria Fleming,1828 684
秀氏水母科Family Sugiuridae Bouillon,1984 687
秀氏水母属Genus Sugiura Bouillon,1984 687
连荚螅科Family Syntheciidae Marktanner-Turneretscher,1890 689
连荚螅属Genus Synthecium Allman,1872 689
盾杯螅科Family Thyroscyphidae Stechow,1920 693
盾杯螅属Genus Thyroscyphus Allman,1877 693
头巾螅水母科Family Tiarannidae Russell,1940 694
马尔水母属Genus Margalefia Pagès,Bouillon&Gili,1991 695
和螅水母属Genus Modeeria Forbes,1848 696
益果螅属Genus Stegopoma Levinsen,1893 697
帽形水母科Family Tiaropsidae Boero,Bouillon&Danovaro,1987 698
拟帽形水母属Genus Tiaropsidium Torrey,1909 698
帽形水母属Genus Tiaropsis L.Agassiz,1849 699
吻螅水母目Order Proboscoida Broch,1910 700
钟螅水母科Family Campanulariidae Johnston,1836 701
钟螅属Genus Campanularia Lamarck,1816 702
美螅水母属Genus Clytia Lamouroux,1812 705
多胃水母属Genus Gastroblasta Keller,1883 716
殖口螅属Genus Gonothyraea Allman,1864 717
哈钟螅属Genus Hartlaubella Poche,1914 719
长钟螅属Genus Laomedea Lamouroux,1812 720
薮枝螅水母属Genus Obelia Péron&Lesueur,1809 722
无垂水母属Genus Orthopyxis L.Agassiz,1862 726
假美螅水母属Genus Pseudoclytia Mayer,1900 729
根茎螅属Genus Rhizocaulus Stechow,1919 730
拟杯水母科Family Phialuciidae Kramp,1955 732
拟杯水母属Genus Phialucium Maas,1905 732
淡水水母亚纲Subclass Limnomedusae Kramp,1938 735
花笠水母科Family Olindiidae Haeckel,1879 735
桃花水母属Genus Craspedacusta Lankester,1880 736
钩手水母属Genus Gonionemus A.Agassiz,1862 745
心管水母属Genus Maeotias Ostroumoff,1896 747
似钩手水母属Genus Scolionema Kishinouye,1910 749
瓦伦水母属Genus Vallentinia Browne,1902 750
管水母亚纲Subclass Siphonophorae Eschscholtz,1829 755
囊泳目Order Cystonectae Haeckel,1887 756
僧帽水母科Family Physaliidae Brandt,1834 756
僧帽水母属Genus Physalia Lamarck,1801 756
根水母科Family Rhizophysidae Brandt,1834 757
根水母属Genus Rhizophysa Péron&Lesueur,1807 757
胞泳目Order Physonectae Haeckel,1888 758
盛装水母科Family Agalmatidae Brandt,1834 758
盛装水母属Genus Agalma Eschscholtz,1825 759
舟形水母属Genus Bargmannia Totton,1954 761
心钟水母属Genus Cordagalma Totton,1932 762
海冠水母属Genus Halistemma Huxley,1859 762
里纳水母属Genus Lychnagalma Haeckel 1888 764
马鲁水母属Genus Marrus Totton,1954 765
小型水母属Genus Nanomia A.Agassiz,1865 767
花篮水母科Family Athorybiidae Huxley,1859 769
花篮水母属Genus Athorybia Eschscholtz,1829 769
瓜果水母属Genus Melophysa Haeckel,1888 770
离翼水母科Family Apolemiidae Huxley,1859 771
离翼水母属Genus Apolemia Eschscholtz,1829 771
袋囊水母属Genus Tottonia Margulis,1976 772
埃伦水母科Family Erennidae Pugh,2001 773
埃伦水母属Genus Erenna Bedot,1904 773
歪钟水母科Family Forskaliidae Haeckel,1888 774
歪钟水母属Genus Forskalia K?lliker,1853 774
鲗泳水母科Family Nectalidae Haeckel,1888 776
鲗泳水母属Genus Nectalia Haeckel,1888 777
气囊水母科Family Physophoridae Eschscholtz,1829 777
气囊水母属Genus Physophora Forsk?l,1775 778
钟泳目Order Calycophorae Leuckart,1854 779
多面水母科Family Abylidae L.Agassiz,1862 779
多面水母亚科Sub-family Abylinae L.Agassiz,1862 779
多面水母属Genus Abyla Quoy&Gaimard,1827 780
角舟水母属Genus Ceratocymba Chun,1888 786
拟多面水母亚科Sub-family Abylopsinae Totton,1954 790
拟多面水母属Genus Abylopsis Chun,1888 790
巴斯水母属Genus Bassia L.Agassiz,1862 793
九角水母属Genus Enneagonum Quoy&Gaimard,1827 794
双体水母科Family Clausophyidae Totton,1965 796
角锥水母属Genus Chuniphyes Lens&Van Riemsdijk,1908 797
双体水母属Genus Clausophyes Lens&Van Riemsdijk,1908 799
晶体水母属Genus Crystallophyes Moser,1925 801
异塔水母属Genus Heteropyramis Moser,1925 802
双生水母科Family Diphyidae Quoy&Gaimard,1827 804
双生水母亚科Sub-family Diphyinae Moser,1925 804
爪室水母属Genus Chelophyes Totton,1932 804
单板水母属Genus Dimophyes Moser,1925 807
双生水母属Genus Diphyes Cuvier,1817 808
尖角水母属Genus Eudoxoides Huxley,1859 813
浅室水母属Genus Lensia Totton,1932 815
五角水母属Genus Muggiaea Busch,1851 833
双生水母亚科未定类Diphyinae incertae sedis 837
真光水母属Genus Eudoxia Totton,1954 837
网棱水母亚科Sub-family Giliinae Pugh,Pagès,1995 837
网棱水母属Genus Gilia Pugh&Pagès,1995 838
无棱水母亚科Sub-family Sulculeolariinae Totton,1954 838
无棱水母属Genus Sulculeolaria Blainville,1834 839
马蹄水母科Family Hippopodiidae K?lliker,1853 846
马蹄水母属Genus Hippopodius Quoy&Gaimard,1827 846
拟蹄水母属Genus Vogtia K?lliker,1853 847
帕腊水母科Family Prayidae K?liker,1853 851
双钟水母亚科Sub-family Amphicaryoninae Chun,1888 852
双钟水母属Genus Amphicaryon Chun,1888 852
帕腊水母亚科Sub-family Prayinae Chun,1897 854
链钟水母属Genus Desmophyes Haeckel,1888 855
帕腊水母属Genus Praya Blainville,1834 856
玫瑰水母属Genus Rosacea Quoy&Gaimard,1827 857
泳球水母科Family Sphaeronectidae Huxley,1859 859
泳球水母属Genusus Sphaeronectes Huxley,1859 859
参考文献 861
Summary 907
学名索引 915