《L2 acquisition of Chinese unaccusative verbs by English-speaking learners》PDF下载

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  • 作  者:薛常明著
  • 出 版 社:北京:科学出版社
  • 出版年份:2007
  • ISBN:9787030198846
  • 页数:223 页
图书介绍:本书在语义-句法关联理论的大框架下研究成人英语母语者对汉语非宾格动词的第二语言习得过程。根据非宾格假设,传统意义上的不及物动词可以进一步分为两类:非宾格动词和非作格动词。这种区分是一种跨语言的普遍现象,尽管在不同的语言中非宾格性的实现方式不尽相同。相关文献表明,不同母语背景的学习者在习得第二语言中的非宾格动词时都会遇到问题。但是前人研究中所涉及的第二语言绝大部分是英语,而且这些研究都采用的都是非实证的研究设计。因此,研究者们只能在各自的研究中对所观察到的现象进行推测性的解释。Oshita试图克服这个弱点,于是在2001年提出了“非宾格陷阱假设”,力图对多种语言非宾格动词习得研究中出现的各种现象进行统一的解释。但是,Oshita的模式也存在问题,特别是他引用来证明习得路径的有关汉语非宾格动词的证据在可靠性方面存在问题。为了克服“非宾格陷阱假设”的不足,本研究首先对非宾格现象进行了跨语言的详尽分析,重点比较英、汉非宾格动词现象的异同。在前人研究的基础上,本书第一次提出了汉语非宾格动词的层级结构、汉语非宾格动词的范畴,并且标明了各个非宾格动词的细类在层级结构中的位置。基于“非宾格陷阱假设”及

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

1.1 Research Orientation 1

1.2 The Unaccusative Verbs:the Target of Research 1

1.3 Rationale for the Study 2

1.4 Key Research Questions 8

1.5 Organization of the Book 9

Chapter 2 In Search of Theoretical Foundation 10

2.0 Introduction 10

2.1 Empirical Basis of UTH 12

2.2 The Single-Argument Linking Rule 14

2.3 Three Stages of the Unaccusative Acquisition in L2 English 18

2.4 General Predictions of UTH 21

2.5 A General Comment on UTH 22

Chapter 3 Cross-linguistic Analysis of Unaccusativity 26

3.0 Introduction 26

3.1 An Overview of Unaccusativity 28

3.1.1 Unaccusative Hypothesis 29

3.1.2 Unaccusativity Hierarchy 30

3.1.3 Approaches to Unaccusativity 35

3.2 Unaccusativity of English and Other Languages 43

3.2.1 Deep vs.Surface Unaccusativity 43

3.2.2 Definiteness Effect(DE) 46

3.2.3 Diagnostics for Unaccusativity 47

3.2.4 The Passive vs.the Unaccusative 58

3.2.5 Summary 61

3.3 Issues Pertaining to Chinese Unaccusativity 61

3.3.1 Subclasses of Chinese Unaccusatives 62

3.3.2 Surface Unaccusativity 70

3.3.3 DE of Chinese Unaccusativity 72

3.3.4 Diagnostics for Chinese Unaccusativity 74

3.3.5 The Unaccusative and the Passive in Chinese 85

3.4 Summary and Conclusions 91

Chapter 4 Predictions on L2 Acquisition of Chinese Unaccusatives by English-L1 Learners 94

4.0 Similarities and Differences Between English and Chinese Unaccusativity:A Revisit 94

4.1 Implications of Cross-linguistic Differences for L2 Acquisition of Chinese Unaccusatives 97

4.1.1 L1 Transfer and Markedness Theories 97

4.1.2 Effect of Markedness on L2 Acquisition of Chinese Unaccusatives 100

4.2 Research Hypotheses 103

Chapter 5 The Empirical Study 107

5.0 Research Design 107

5.1 Participants 108

5.2 Instrumentation 112

5.2.1 Verb Tokens 113

5.2.2 Writing Production Task(WPT) 115

5.2.3 Grammaticality Judgment Test(GJT) 116

5.3 Data Collection 118

5.4 Data Preparations and Data Analysis 118

5.4.1 Scoring of WPT Data 119

5.4.2 Scoring of GJT Data 119

5.4.3 Data Preparations 119

5.4.4 Statistical Analysis 120

Chapter 6 Results for Research Hypotheses Testing 121

6.0 Introduction 121

6.1 Results for Hypothesis 1 121

6.2 Results for Hypothesis 2 125

6.3 Results for Hypothesis 3 127

6.4 Results for Hypothesis 4 131

6.5 Results for Hypothesis 5 133

6.6 Results for Hypothesis 6 136

6.7 Results for Hypothesis 7 140

6.8 Results for Hypothesis 8 142

Chapter 7 General Discussion 145

7.0 Introduction 145

7.1 Summary of Major Findings 146

7.1.1 Linguistic Finding:Chinese Unaccusativity Hierarchy 146

7.1.2 Empirical Findings 147

7.2 Unaccusative-Related Phenomena in L2 Acquisition of Chinese 153

7.3 Factors Involved in L2 Acquisition of Chinese Unaccusativity 157

7.3.1 Developmental Route of L2 Acquisition of Chinese Unergatives 157

7.3.2 Developmental Route of L2 Acquisition of Chinese Unaccusatives 158

7.3.3 Other Issues Concerning the Plough-shaped Route of Development 167

7.4 Summary 169

Chapter 8 Condusions,Pedagogical Implications,and Recommendations for Further Research 172

8.1 Conclusions:A Modified Developmental Model for L2 Acquisition of Chinese Unaccusatives 172

8.2 Pedagogical Implications 174

8.3 Recommendations for Further Research 176

References 178

Appendix A Tables 1-6 188

Appendix B Research Instruments 190

Appendix C An Example Test of HSK 209

List of Tables 62

3.1 Classifications of Chinese Unaccusatives 62

3.2 Distribution of Some Features of 18 Basic Chinese One-place Verbs 64

4.1 Significant Similarities and Differences Between English and Chinese Unaccusativity 95

5.1 Background Information About L2 Participants(N=60) 111

5.2 Means and Standard Deviations for Four Participant Groups 111

5.3 Scheffé Tests of Means for Four Participant Groups 112