Ⅰ RAISING THE ISSUE 1
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 3
1.1 RESEARCH BACK GROUND AND MOTIVATION 3
1.1.1 Housing problem of low income population in metropolitan in China 3
1.1.2 Housing security system in Japan from a vertical perspective 11
1.1.3 Transition of housing security in the US from a horizontal perspective 13
1.2 PURPOSE OF RESEARCH 17
1.2.1 Establishing the reference model for comparison 18
1.2.2 Identifying deficiencies and problem of current public housing supply system in China in comparison to that in Japan 19
1.2.3 Clarify public housing supply target for the low income population for further study 20
1.3 LITERATURE REVIEW 20
1.3.1 Study on housing policy system 20
1.3.2 Study on"Housing Poverty"problem 28
1.3.3 Study on housing security policy system 31
1.3.4 Study on public housing supply system 36
1.3.5 Study on specific public housing supply system 40
1.3.6 Position of the research in academic field 44
1.4 METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH 47
1.4.1 Chapter 2—Selectionofhousing securityinstrument 47
1.4.2 Chapter 3—Selection of existing model of public housing supply as reference 47
1.4.3 Chapter 4—Establishment of public housing supply comparison model between Japan and China 48
1.4.4 Chapter 5—Comparison and reference of policy and institutionalsystem 49
1.4.5 Chapter 6—Comparison and reference of housing construction method 49
1.4.6 Chapter 7—Reflection of the public housing security target 50
1.5 TERMINOLOGY 52
1.5.1 Household registration system in China 52
1.5.2 Terminology correlated with public housing 53
1.6 COMPOSITIONOFRESEARCH 55
Ⅱ COMPARISON FOUNDATION 57
CHAPTER 2 COMPARISON OF HOUSING SECURITY INSTRUMENTS FOR LOW INCOME POPULATION IN COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD 59
2.1 CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 59
2.1.1 Collectionofsecondary and primary data 60
2.1.2 Original research idea 61
2.2 VERIFICATION OF COMPARABILITY OF HOUSING SECURITY INSTRUMENTS 62
2.2.1 Similarities:market economic operation mode 63
2.2.2 Differences in the specific category of market operation mode 65
2.2.3 Section 67
2.3 COMPARISON OF THE CORRELATED COMPONENTS:HOUSING SYSTEM 67
2.3.1 The US:Market-relief housing system 68
2.3.2 Sweden:Market-nationwide security housing system 69
2.3.3 Germany:Conservative corporatist welfare housing system 70
2.3.4 Singapore:government intervention housing system 72
2.4 COMPARISON OF THE CORRELATED COMPONENTS:LANDSYSTEM 74
2.4.1 Land tenure system 74
2.4.2 Land usage system 77
2.5 COMPARISON OF THE CORRELATED COMPONENTS:ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 78
2.5.1 Comparison of GDP 78
2.5.2 Comparison of per capita income 79
2.5.3 ComparisonofGDP growth 80
2.5.4 Comparison of Engel Coefficient 82
2.6 COMPARISON OF HOUSING SECURITY INSTRUMENTS 83
2.6.1 Mortgage-interest deduction 85
2.6.2 Privatization of public housing 87
2.6.3 Rent control policy 91
2.6.4 Rental assistance policy 93
2.6.5 Public housing supply 96
2.7 OBSERVATION OF THE CORRESPONDING COMPONENTS IN CHINA 101
2.7.1 Economic operation modeinChina 101
2.7.2 Current situation of housing policyin China 104
2.7.3 Land system in China 105
2.7.4 Economic development 107
2.7.5 Selection of public housing supply 112
2.8 CHAPTER CONCLUSION 116
CHAPTER 3 COMPARISON OF MACROSCOPIC ENVIRONMENT OF PUBLIC HOUSING SUPPLY SYSTEM BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA 119
3.1 CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 119
3.1.1 Collection of secondary and primary data 119
3.1.2 Original researchidea 121
3.2 ELIMINATION OF IMPROPER OBSERVING OBJECTS 121
3.2.1 Position of the government's task 121
3.2.2 Dominant force 122
3.2.3 Economic development 123
3.2.4 Urbanization mode 123
3.3 FURTHER EXAMINATION OF JAPAN BEING THE EXISTING MODEL FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ECONOMIC FIELD BY VERIFICATION OF COMPARABILITY 124
3.3.1 Similar international environment 125
3.3.2 Similar development strategy 126
3.3.3 Similar economic problems 128
3.4 FURTHER EXAMINATION OF JAPANBEING THE EXISTING MODEL FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF METROPOLITAN AREA BY VERIFICATION OF COMPARABILITY 129
3.4.1 Similar rapid urbanization 129
3.4.2 Similar population migration to metropolitan area 131
3.4.3 Similar increasing of housing price 133
3.5 FURTHER EXAMINATION OFJAPAN BEING THE EXISTING MODEL FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THEROLE OF"WORLD FACTORY" 135
3.5.1 Observation on different types of World Factory from a historical perspective 136
3.5.2 Characteristics of World Factory 141
3.5.3 China:potential capability of being the fourth World Factory 142
3.6 ERA IN JAPAN MATCHING TO CURRENT CHINA IN THE SENSE OF TIMELINE 144
3.6.1 The stage of public housing development in Japan 144
3.6.2 The stage of public housing development in China 147
3.6.3 Era in Japan matching to current China 150
3.7 CHAPTER CONCLUSION 151
CHAPTER 4 ESTABLISHMENT OF PUBLIC HOUSING SUPPLY COMPARISON MODEL BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA 153
4.1 CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 153
4.1.1 Collection of secondary data and primarydata 153
4.1.2 Original research idea 155
4.2 REVIEW OF PUBLIC HOUSING SUPPLY MODELSIN SEVERAL COUNTRIES 155
4.2.1 Public housing supply model in China 155
4.2.2 Public housing supply model in Japan 157
4.2.3 Public housing supply model in the US 159
4.2.4 Public housing supply model in the UK 161
4.3 SUMMARIZATION OF VARIABIES FROM PUBLIC HOUSING SUPPLY MODELS 163
4.3.1 Simplification of public housing supply models 163
4.3.2 Variables summarized from the simplified public housing supply model 165
4.3.3 Establishment of comparison items of variables 167
4.4 EXTRACTION OF CORRELATED COMPONENTS IN THE PUBLIC HOUSING SUPPLY MODEL 168
4.5 CHAPTER CONCLUSION 170
Ⅲ COMPARISON ＆ REFERENCE 173
CHAPTER 5 COMPASION OF PUBLIC HOUSING SUPPLY POLICY SYSTEM AND INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA 175
5.1 CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 175
5.1.1 Collection of secondary data and primarydata 175
5.1.2 Original research idea 177
5.2 OVERVIEW OF THE PUBLIC HOUSING SUPPLY POLICY IN JAPAN AND CHINA 177
5.2.1 Characteristics of public housing policy 177
5.2.2 Chronology of the public housing policy 178
5.3 VERIFICATION OF THE REFERENCEABILITY OF JAPAN'S POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM BASED ON"CIVIL LAW SYSTEM" 185
5.3.1 Foundations of the"Civil Law System"in both Japan and China 185
5.3.2 Hierarchical structe of policy system based on"Civil Law System" 186
5.4 PENETRATION BY COMPARISON OF THE CURRENT STRUCTURE OF THE PUBLIC HOUSING SUPPLY POLICY SYSTEM WITH JAPAN 186
5.4.1 Japan:hierarchy style 187
5.4.2 China:Intersection style 190
5.5 COMPARISON OF LEGISLATION OF PUBLIC HOUSING SUPPLY BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA 192
5.5.1 Integrated policies and codes leading housing development 192
5.5.2 Specific policies and acts for organization an dexecution 196
5.6 COMPARISON OF THE SPECIFIC EXECUTED POLICY OF PUBLIC HOUSING SUPPLY BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA 200
5.6.1 Financial assistance 200
5.6.2 Housing source 203
5.6.3 Residential Qualification 205
5.6.4 Organization and execution process 210
5.6.5 Comparison of organization and execution process 214
5.7 COMPARISON OF INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM OF PUBLIC HOUSING SUPPLY BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA 215
5.7.1 Compositionofinstitutional systemofpublichousing supply 215
5.7.2 Comparison of policy establishment institutional system 218
5.7.3 Application of"Intermediary Agency"in executive institutional system 219
5.7.4 Proposal of supervised institutional system in China 223
5.8 CHAPTER CONCLUSION 227
CHAPTER 6 COMPARISON OF PUBLIC HOUSING SUPPLY CAPACITY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CONSTRUCTION BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA 231
6.1 CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 231
6.1.1 Collection of secondary data and primary data 231
6.1.2 Original research idea 233
6.2 OVERVIEW OF THE INDUSTRIALIZED CONSTRUCTION METHOD IN JAPAN 234
6.2.1 Concept of housing industrialization 234
6.2.2 Origin of housing industrialization in Japan 237
6.2.3 Characteristics of housing industrialization 239
6.3 OVERVIEW OF LABOR-INTENSIVE CONSTRUCTION METHOD IN CHINA 244
6.3.1 Cast-in site reinforced concrete construction 245
6.3.2 Possibility of popularizing Japan's housing industrialization in China 248
6.4 FEASIBILITY OF JAPAN'S HOUSING INDUSTRIALIZATION IN CHINA 251
6.4.1 Components correlated with popularization of Japan's industrialized construction method 251
6.4.2 Observation on the corresponding components in China to testify feasibility of Japan's housing industrialization 258
6.5 ARGUMENT ON REFERENCEMETHOD OF JAPAN'S PUBLICHOUSING STRUCTURAL SYSTEM AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD FOR CHINA 263
6.5.1 Overview of housing industrialization in China 263
6.5.2 Comparison of public housing structal system and technique 268
6.5.3 Componentization and modularity of public housing construction 276
6.6 ARGUMENT ON REFERENCE METHOD OF JAPAN'S PUBLIC HOUSING STANDARDIZATION FOR CHINA 280
6.6.1 Regulations correlated with public housing standardization 280
6.6.2 Public housing standardized design in Japan 284
6.6.3 Public housing design in China 287
6.7 COMPARISON OF PUBLIC HOUSING STANDARDIZED DESIGN BY CASESTUDY 292
6.7.1 Position of the case study 292
6.7.2 Introduction of the"Vanhui Building"project 293
6.7.3 Cornparison of housing standard within different dwelling layouts 296
6.7.4 Comparison of housing standard between VH and Japan's standardized public housing 299
6.8 CHAPTER CONCLUSION 308
CHAPTER 7 COMPARISON OF THE TARGET OF PUBLIC HOUSING SUPPLY—LOW INCOME POPULATION IN METROPOLITAN AREAS IN JAPAN AND IN CHINA 311
7.1 CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 311
7.1.1 Collection of secondary data and primary data 313
7.1.2 Original research idea 313
7.1.3 Social survey of Beijing in China 314
7.2 REVIEW OF THE EXISTING CONCEPT OF LOW INCOME POPULATION 315
7.2.1 Academic interpretation in the world 315
7.2.2 Concept of low income population in Japan 317
7.2.3 Concept of low incomepo pulation in China 318
7.2.4 Disadvantage of low income population concept based on income line 320
7.3 COMPARISON BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA 1:SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND RESIDENTIAL FORM OF LOW INCOME POPULATION 322
7.3.1 Spatial distribution and residential form of low income population in Japan 323
7.3.2 Spatial distribution and residential form of low income population in China 325
7.3.3 Comparative findings 335
7.4 COMPARISSON BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA 2:PROPERTY OF THE LOW INCOME POPULATION 338
7.4.1 The property of low income population in Japan 338
7.4.2 The property of low income population in China 340
7.4.3 Comparative findings 347
7.5 COMPARISON BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA 3:RESIDENTIAL STATUS OF LOW INCOME POPULATION 352
7.5.1 Theresidential status of low income population in Japan 353
7.5.2 Theresidential status of low income population in China 354
7.5.3 Comparison findings 359
7.6 REFLECTION OF THE TARGET OF PUBLIC HOUSING SUPPLY IN CHINA 364
7.6.1 Principle components correlated with low income population in China 364
7.6.2 Re-orientation of public housing supply policy 370
7.6.3 Residential requirement for public housing construction 371
7.7 CHAPTER CONCLUSION 375
Ⅳ CONCLUSION 379
CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSION 381
8.1 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER FINDINGS 381
8.1.1 Referenceability of Japan's public housing supply system for China 381
8.1.2 Discrepancy and problem of current public housing supply system in China by comparison with that in Japan 384
8.1.3 Clarification of public housing supply target-the low income population in China 388
8.2 FINAL CONCLUSION 390
8.2.1 Public housing supply system in Japan 391
8.2.2 Public housing supply system in China 394
8.2.3 Differences and similarities by comparison of public housingsupply system of Japan and China 397
8.2.4 Reasons for the differences and similarities of public housing supply system between Japan and China 400
8.2.5 Recommendations for the public housing supply system in China 402
8.3 FUTURE STUDIES 404
8.3.1 Specific details under the orientation proposed in the book 404
8.3.2 Study on more countries similar with China 404
8.3.3 Internal mechanism of formulating public housing supply policy 405
REFERENCES 407
APPENDIX 423