Ⅰ A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING COMMUNICATION IN SECOND LANGUAGE CLASSROOMS 1
1 Communication in second language classrooms 3
The classroom as a communication context 4
Classroom communicative competence 5
Introducing the framework 6
An overview of the framework 9
An overview of the book 14
2 Teachers'control of the patterns of classroom communication 16
Teachers'use of language during classroom lessons 17
Teachers'frames of reference 27
Conclusion 38
3 Students'perceptions of the patterns of classroom communication 39
Students'perceptions of classroom events 39
Students'frames of reference 51
Conclusion 55
4 Students'knowledge and use of language 56
Students'linguistic background knowledge：learned ways of talking 56
Students'cultural background knowledge：learned ways of communicating 59
Discontinuities between the language of the home and the school 64
Maximizing students'knowledge and uses of language in the classroom 66
Conclusion 70
5 Students'use of language for learning and second language acquisition 72
Students'use of language for classroom learning 73
Students'use of language for second language acquisition 81
Optimal classroom conditions for classroom learning and second language acquisition 87
Conclusion 89
Ⅱ EXAMINING PATTERNS OF COMMUNICATION IN SECOND LANGUAGE CLASSROOMS 91
6 Teacher-student interaction 93
Excerpt 6.1：Teacher-directed patterns of communication in teacher-student interaction 93
Excerpt 6.2：Variability in the patterns of communication in teacher-student interaction 101
Conclusion 108
7 Student-student interaction 111
Student-student interaction in the classroom 111
The structure of student-student interaction 114
Student-student interaction in second language classrooms 116
Conclusion 127
8 Community- and school-based issues and second language classrooms 129
Community-based issues and second language classrooms 130
The status of English in EFL instructional settings 134
Commercial materials and second language classrooms 136
The classroom experience 139
Conclusion 140
Ⅲ PROMOTING COMMUNICATION IN SECOND LANGUAGE CLASSROOMS 143
9 Expanding the patterns of classroom communication 145
Allowing for variability in the patterns of classroom communication 146
Extending the patterns of classroom communication 154
Conclusion 159
10 Classroom communicative competence 160
Defining classroom communicative competence 161
Establishing classroom communicative competence 163
Extending classroom communicative competence 167
Conclusion 168
References 171
Index 185