INTRODUCTION:THE MODERN ERA 621
HIPPOLYTE ADOLPHE TAINE 639
from History of English Literature 640
CHARLES SANDERS PEIRCE 652
On a New List of Categories(1868) 655
from Lessons from the History of Philosophy 661
The First Rule of Reason 666
from Training in Reasoning 667
from What Pragmatism Is(1905) 668
WALT WHITMAN 673
from Democratic Vistas(1871) 674
FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 686
from The Birth of Tragedy from the Spirit of Music 687
Truth and Falsity in an Ultramoral Sense 692
？MILE ZOLA 698
from The Experimental Novel 699
OSCAR WILDE 711
The Decay of Lying 712
ST？PHANE MALLARM？ 726
The Evolution ofLiterature 727
The Book:A Spiritual Instrument 729
Mystery in Literature 731
GOTTLOB FREGE 734
On Sense and Meaning 735
SIGMUND FREUD 746
from Letter to Wilhelm Fleiss,October 15,1897 747
from Thirteenth Lecture:Archaic and Infantile Features in Dreams 748
from Lecture Twenty-One:Development of the Libido and Sexual Organization 752
LEO TOLSTOY 757
What Is Art? 758
EDMUND HUSSERL 770
Investigation I:Expression and Meaning 773
FERDINAND de SAUSSURE 786
from Course in General Linguistics 787
VIKTOR SHKLOVSKy 796
Art as Technique 797
T.S.ELIOT 806
Tradition and the Individual Talent 807
BERTRAND RUSSELL 811
Descriptions 812
PAUL VAL？RY 818
Leonardo and the Philosophers 819
LUDWIG WITTGENSTEIN 823
from Tractatus Logio-Philosophicus 825
from Philosophical Investigations 836
I.A. RICHARDS 856
from Principles of Literary Criticism 857
from Science and Poetry 860
from Practical Criticism 863
BORIS EICHENBAUM 867
The Theory of the"Formal Method" 868
VIRGINIA WOOLF 885
A Room of One's Own 886
WILLIAM EMPSON 894
from Seven Types of Ambiguity 895
MIKHAIL M. BAKHTIN 912
from Epic and Novel:Toward a Methodology for the Study of the Novel 913
VALENTIN N. VOLOSINOV 926
Verbal Interaction 926
ANTONIO GRAMSCI 936
from Prison Notebooks 937
JOHN CROWE RANSOM 953
Poetry:A Note in Ontology 954
R.P. BLACKMUR 964
A Critic's Job of Work 965
RUDOLPH CARNAP 978
The Elimination of Metaphysics Through Logical Analysis of Language 980
JACQUES LACAN 990
The Mirror Stage as Formative of the Function of the I as Revealed in Psychoanalytic Experience 991
WALTER BENJAMIN 995
Theses on the Philosophy of History 996
WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS 1001
Against the Weather 1002
KENNETH BURKE 1011
Literature as Equipment for Living 1012
ERNST CASSIRER 1016
from An Essay on Man 1018
W.K. WIMSATT and MONROE C. BEARDSLEY 1026
The Intentional Fallacy 1027
CLEANTH BROOKS 1035
The Heresy of Paraphrase 1036
Irony as a Principle of Structure 1043
MARTIN HEIDEGGER 1051
from Letter on Humanism 1053
R.S. CRANE 1071
The Critical Monism of Cleanth Brooks 1072
M.H. ABRAMS 1087
from Orientation of Critical Theories 1087
THEODOR W. ADORNO 1101
Cultural Criticism and Society 1102
from Negative Dialectics 1110
CLAUDE L？VI-STRAUSS 1119
The Structural Study of Myth 1120
ROMAN JAKOBSON 1132
The Metaphoric and Metonymic Poles 1132
NORTHROP FRYE 1136
from Anatomy of Criticism 1138
NOAM CHOMSKY 1166
from A Review of B.F. Skinner's Verbal Behavior 1167
JEAN PAUL SARTRE 1175
I. Marxism and Existentialism 1176
FRANTZ FANON 1187
On National Culture 1187
JACQUES DERRIDA 1203
Structure,Sign and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences 1206
Meaning and Representation 1215
from Of Grammatology 1220
HANS ROBERT JAUSS 1237
from Literary History as a Challenge to Literary Theory 1238
ROLAND BARTHES 1255
The Death of the Author 1256
MICHEL FOUCAULT 1259
What Is an Author? 1260
Truth and Power 1269
THOMA S. KUHN 1280
from Postscript—1969 1282
LOUIS ALTHUSSER 1297
from Ideologyand Ideological State Apparatuses 1298
PAUL de MAN 1309
Criticism and Crisis 1310
The Resistance to Theory 1317
CLIFFORD GEERTZ 1328
Thick Description:Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture 1329
MARY LOUISE PRATT 1343
from Toward a Speech Act Theory of Literary Discourse 1344
from Chapter Three:The Linguistics of Use 1349
RAYMOND WILLIAMS 1356
from Marxism and Literature,Part Ⅲ 1357
EDWARD W.SAID 1369
from Orientalism 1370
ANNETTE KOLODNY 1384
from Dancing Through the Minefield:Some Observations on the Theory,Practice,and Politics of a Feminist Literary Criticism 1385
STANLEYFISH 1395
Is There a Text in This Class? 1396
PIERRE BOURDIEU 1403
from Language and Symbolic Power 1404
JEAN FRAN？OIS LYOTARD 1417
Answering the Question:What Is Postmodernism? 1418
BENEDICT ANDERSON 1424
The Origins of National Consciousness 1424
JURGEN HABERMAS 1429
Excursus on Leveling the Genre Distinction Between Philosophy and Literature 1430
GILLES DELEUZE and F？LIX GUATTARI 1442
1．Introduction:Rhizome 1443
RICHARD RORTY 1457
The Contingency of Language 1458
EVE KOSOFSKYSEDGWICK 1469
from Epistemology of the Closet 1470
STEPHEN J. GREENBLATT 1476
Resonance and Wonder 1477
JUDITH BUTLER 1489
Imitation and Gender Insubordination 1490
JOHN GUILLORY 1500
from Literature after Theory 1500
GAYATRI CHAKRAVORTYSPIVAK 1509
Teaching for the Times 1510
ERNESTO LACLAU 1525
Subject of Politics,Politics of the Subject 1526
Index 1535