Section Ⅰ Motor Vehicle Basics 1
Chapter 1 Introduction of Motor Vehicles 1
1.1 Definition of Motor Vehicles 1
1.2 Parts and Systems of Motor Vehicles 1
1.2.1 Basic Parts and Systems 1
1.2.2 Working Equipment 3
1.3 Motor Vehicles and Society 7
1.3.1 Promoting the Development of Social Economy 7
1.3.2 Accelerating the Road Transportation 8
1.3.3 Improving the Quality of Life 8
1.3.4 Influencing Ecological Environment 9
1.3.5 Building Harmony of Motor Vehicles and Society 12
Reading Material 16
Chapter 2 Classification of Motor Vehicles 18
2.1 Functions 18
2.1.1 Cars 18
2.1.2 Buses 20
2.1.3 Off-Road Vehicles 21
2.1.4 Trucks 21
2.1.5 Truck-Tractors 22
2.1.6 Recreational Vehicles 22
2.1.7 Racing Cars 22
2.1.8 Vehicles for Special Transportation 22
2.1.9 Vehicles for Special Work 23
2.1.10 Agricultural Vehicles 23
2.2 Energy Resources 25
2.2.1 Conventional Vehicles 25
2.2.2 All-Electric Vehicles 25
2.2.3 Hybrid Electric Vehicles 26
2.2.4 Fuel Cell Vehicles 26
2.3 Body Types 26
2.3.1 Sedans 26
2.3.2 Hardtops 26
2.3.3 Hatchbacks 26
2.3.4 Convertibles 27
2.3.5 Vans 27
2.3.6 Station Wagons 27
2.3.7 Sport Utility Vehicles 27
2.3.8 Pickup Trucks 27
Reading Material 29
Section Ⅱ Motor Vehicle Development 32
Chapter 3 History of Motor Vehicles 32
3.1 History of Foreign Automobiles 32
3.1.1 Steam Powered Vehicles 32
3.1.2 Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles 33
3.2 History of Chinese Automobiles 36
3.3 Progress of Motor Vehicles 38
Reading Material 40
Chapter 4 Future of Motor Vehicles 43
4.1 Lightweight Light Weight 43
4.1.1 Alloys 44
4.1.2 Plastic and Polymers 45
4.1.3 Composite Materials 47
4.2 Intelligence Smart Vehides 51
4.2.1 Safety Technologies 51
4.2.2 Automatic Technologies 52
4.3 Saving Energy 54
4.3.1 Design of Structures 54
4.3.2 Diversity for Fuels 55
4.4 Green Vehicles 56
4.4.1 Alternative Fuel Vehicles 56
4.4.2 Electric Vehicles 56
4.4.3 Solar Vehicles 57
Reading Material 59
Section Ⅲ Motor Vehicle Culture 61
Chapter 5 Notabilities of Motor Vehicles 61
5.1 Nicolaus August Otto 61
5.1.1 Otto's First Engine 61
5.1.2 Partnership with Langen 62
5.1.3 The Four-Stroke Engine 62
5.2 Karl Friedrich Benz and Gottlieb Daimler 63
5.2.1 Karl Friedrich Benz 63
5.2.2 Gottlieb Daimler 65
5.3 Henry Ford and William Crapo Durant 67
5.3.1 Henry Ford 67
5.3.2 William Crapo Durant 69
5.4 Kiichiro Toyoda 72
5.4.1 The Great Exploration 72
5.4.2 The Toyota Motor Corporation 72
5.4.3 Toyota Production Systems 73
Reading Material 75
Chapter 6 Famous Vehicle Industrial Groups 76
6.1 Automotive Groups 76
6.1.1 European Automotive Groups 76
6.1.2 American Automotive Groups 81
6.1.3 Asian Automotive Groups 83
6.2 Heavy Vehicle Companies 89
6.2.1 Caterpillar Corporation 89
6.2.2 Terex Corporation 90
6.2.3 CNH Industrial Group 91
6.2.4 John Deere Company 93
6.2.5 Sany Heavy Industries Company 94
Reading Material 97
Chapter 7 Automotive Fashion 99
7.1 Automotive Recreation 99
7.1.1 Automobile Clubs 99
7.1.2 Cars and Movies 100
7.2 Automotive Exhibitions 101
7.2.1 Automotive Shows 101
7.2.2 Concept Vehicles 103
7.3 Automotive Cities 105
7.3.1 Detroit 105
7.3.2 Toyota City 105
7.3.3 Stuttgart 106
7.3.4 Turin 106
7.3.5 Wolfsburg 107
7.3.6 Tokyo 107
7.3.7 Paris 107
7.3.8 Birmingham 108
7.3.9 Rüsselsheim 108
7.3.10 Boulogne-Billancourt 108
Reading Material 111
Section Ⅳ Motor Vehicle Structure 113
Chapter 8 Internal Combustion Engines 113
8.1 Engine Operation 113
8.2 Engine Classifications 114
8.2.1 Fuel Type 114
8.2.2 Cooling System Types 115
8.2.3 Cylinder Arrangements 115
8.2.4 Valve Locations 115
8.3 Construction of Engines 117
8.3.1 The Engine Bottom End 117
8.3.2 The Engine Top End 119
8.3.3 The Engine Front End 122
8.4 Subsystems of Engines 124
8.4.1 Fuel Injection Systems 124
8.4.2 Ignition Systems 126
8.4.3 Starting Systems 129
8.4.4 Exhaust Systems 131
8.4.5 Cooling Systems 134
8.4.6 Lubrication Systems 135
Reading Material 138
Chapter 9 Drive Trains 140
9.1 Clutches 140
9.1.1 Functional Description 140
9.1.2 Structure and Working Principles 140
9.2 Transmissions 142
9.2.1 Manual Transmission 143
9.2.2 Automatic Gearboxes 144
9.3 Transfer Cases 146
9.4 Propeller Shafts 147
9.5 Drive Axles 150
Reading Material 152
Chapter 10 Steering Systems 154
10.1 Basic Parts of Steering Systems 154
10.2 Types of Steering Gears 156
Reading Material 159
Chapter 11 Suspension Systems 161
11.1 Types of Suspension Systems 161
11.2 Suspension System Components 163
Reading Material 167
Chapter 12 Brake Systems 169
12.1 Types of Brake Systems 169
12.2 Brake System Components 170
12.3 Anti-Lock Brake Systems 172
12.3.1 Principles of ABS 172
12.3.2 Components 173
Reading Material 176
Chapter 13 Electrical and Electronic Systems 178
13.1 Charging Systems 178
13.1.1 Alternators 178
13.1.2 Voltage Regulators 179
13.2 Lishting Systems 179
13.2.1 Front Lights 179
13.2.2 Rear Lights 180
13.2.3 Lateral Lights 181
13.2.4 Inside Lights 181
13.2.5 Emergency Lights 182
13.3 Power Window Systems 184
13.4 Cruise Control Systems 186
13.4.1 Cruise Control System Functions 186
13.4.2 Cruise Control System Control 187
13.4.3 Adaptive Cruise Control 188
13.5 Antitheft Systems 189
Reading Material 191
Section Ⅴ Maintenance and Repair 192
Chapter 14 Maintenance and Cosmetology 192
14.1 Automobile Maintenance 192
14.2 Automobile Cosmetology 195
Reading Material 199
Chapter 15 Diagnosis and Troubleshooting 201
15.1 Diagnosis Systems 201
15.1.1 Diagnostic Functions 201
15.1.2 Fail-Safe Functions 203
15.1.3 Back-Up Functions 203
15.1.4 Diagnosis of Engines 203
15.2 Troubleshooting 205
Reading Material 207
Section Ⅵ Marketing and Service 209
Chapter 16 Auto Marketing 209
16.1 How to Become a Great Auto Salesman 210
16.1.1 Qualifications Required 210
16.1.2 How to Sell Autos 211
16.2 Owning an Auto Dealership Franchise 213
Reading Material 217
Chapter 17 Aftermarket 218
17.1 Auto Accessories and Insurance 218
17.1.1 Auto Accessories 218
17.1.2 Auto Insurance 218
17.2 Auto Boutique and Modification 221
17.2.1 Auto Boutique 221
17.2.2 Auto Tuning 222
17.3 Used Cars and Car Rental 222
17.3.1 Used Cars 222
17.3.2 Car Rental 222
Reading Material 224
Abbreviations 227
References 237