第1章 绪论 1
第2章 制定TMDL计划的模型需求 3
2.1 TMDL计划的建模需求 4
2.2分类分析 6
2.3模型选择 10
第3章 模型概述 13
3.1模型复杂度 13
3.2备选方案分析 14
3.3模型发展 15
3.4集成建模系统和模型联用 16
3.5模型发展趋势 16
第4章 模型的适用性 18
第5章 模型的应用 32
5.1应用标准 32
5.2现有模型的局限性和适用性 33
5.3复合模型系统 50
第6章 阿尔塔蒙特新水库的模型发展 54
6.1模型概述 54
6.2模型的联动与数据输入 55
6.3模型校准和验证 63
第7章 阿尔塔蒙特新水库流域的TMDL计划 69
7.1阿尔塔蒙特新水库流域的每日最大总负荷量 69
7.2各污染源及其联系 69
7.3分配 71
第8章 阿尔塔蒙特新水库的实施计划 74
8.1实施活动和管理措施 74
8.2计划合理的保证 78
8.3监测计划 83
8.4实施时间 83
第9章 研究需求 84
9.1确定研究需求的方法 84
9.2模型功能 85
9.3数据 97
9.4模型维护 98
9.5系统开发及支持工具 99
9.6集成模型系统 100
9.7结论 101
参考文献 102
附录A 105
AGNPS (Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution) 105
AGWA (Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment) 109
AnnAGNPS (Annualized Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Model) 115
AQUATOX 119
BASINS (Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources) 124
CAEDYM (Computational Aquatic Ecosystem Dynamics Model) 128
CCHE1D 131
CE-QUAL-ICM/TOXI 134
CE-QUAL-R1 138
CE-QUAL-RIV1 141
CE-QUAL-W2 144
CH3D-IMS (Curvilinear-grid Hydrodynamics 3D——Integrated Modeling System) 148
CH3D-SED(&CH3D-WES) (Curvilinear Hydrodynamics in Three Dimensions) 151
DELFT3D 155
DIAS/IDLAMS (Dynamic Information Architecture System/ 159
Integrated Dynamic Landscape Analysis and Modeling System) 159
DRAINMOD (A Hydrological Model for Poorly Drained Soils) 164
DWSM (Dynamic Watershed Simulation Model) 169
ECOMSED (Estuary and Coastal Ocean Model with Sediment Transport) 174
EFDC (Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code) 177
EPIC (Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator) 183
GISPLM (GIS-Based Phosphorus Loading Model) 187
GLEAMS (Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems) 191
GLLVHT (Generalized, Longitudinal-Lateral-Vertical Hydrodynamic and Transport) 195
GSSHA (Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis) 198
GWLF (Generalized Watershed Loading Functions) 203
HEC-6(Scour and Deposition in Rivers and Reservoirs) 207
HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System) 211
HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System) 215
HSCTM-2D (Hydrodynamic, Sediment and Contaminant Transport Model) 219
HSPF (Hydrologic Simulation Program FORTRAN) 222
KINEROS2 (Kinematic Runoff and Erosion Model) 227
LSPC (Loading Simulation Program in C++) 231
Mercury Loading Model (Watershed Characterization System-Mercury Loading Model) 236
MIKE 1 1 240
MIKE 21 244
MIKE SHE 248
MINTEQA2 (Metal Speciation Equilibrium Model for Surface and Ground Water) 252
MUSIC (Model for Urban Stormwater Improvement Conceptualization) 255
P8-UCM (Program for Predicting Pollution Particle Passage through Pits, Puddles, and Ponds-Urban Catchment Model) 258
PCSWMM (Storm Water Management Model) 261
PGC-BMP (Prince George’s County Best Management Practice Model) 265
QUAL2E (Enhanced Stream Water Quality Model) 269
QUAL2K 272
REMM (Riparian Ecosystem Management Model) 275
RMA-11 281
SED2D 285
SED3D (Three-Dimensional Numerical Model of Hydrodynamics and Sediment Transport in Lakes and Estuaries) 289
SHETRAN 292
SLAMM(Source Loading and Management Model) 295
SPARROW(Spatially Referenced Regression on Watershed Attributes) 299
STORM(Storage, Treatment, Overflow, Runoff Model) 303
SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) 306
S WMM (Storm Water Management Model) 311
TMDL Modeling Toolbox 315
TOPMODEL 319
WAMview (Watershed Assessment Model with an ArcView Interface) 324
WARMF (Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework) 328
WASP (Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program) 332
WEPP (Water Erosion Prediction Project) 335
WinHSPF (An Interactive Windows Interface to HSPF) 339
WMS (Watershed Modeling System) 344
XP-SWMM (Stormwater and Wastewater Management Model) 349
附录B GWLF和BATHTUB模型输入和输出文件 353
GWLF数据输入模板 353
GWLF输出文件 360
BATHTUB模型输入界面:1993年模型模拟 361
BATHTUB模拟基于1993年数据的模拟结果 362
BATHTUB输入界面:2001年模拟 364
BATHTUB模型模拟:2001年数据 365
附录C AVGWLF模型使用手册 367
C.1模型概述 367
C.2 AVGWLF模型所需的数据及参数 368
C.3应用GWLF模型的步骤 370
C.4畜禽养殖负荷估算 390
附录D历史水质数据 394
附录E作物管理C因子 406