第1部分 舟山市老塘山港区概况 1
1.1 调查区块地理位置 1
1.2 港区国际粮油产业园区建成前调查区块的土地利用情况 1
1.3 港区粮食进口状况 1
1.4 港区或成为外来杂草夹带传入的重要区域 2
第2部分 老塘山港区1km范围秋季杂草种类和分类地位 3
2.1 调查方法 3
2.2 原色数码图谱的获取 3
2.3 疑难杂草或不易辨识杂草鉴定 3
2.4 老塘山港区1 km范围秋季杂草种类和分类地位 3
第3部分 老塘山港区1 km范围秋季杂草的特征鉴别及原色图谱 9
3.1 芦竹Arundo donax Linn 9
3.2 芦苇Phragmites australis (Cav.)Trin.ex Steud 10
3.3 千金子Leptochloa chinensis (Linn.)Nees 11
3.4 虮子草Leptochloa panicea (Retz.)O)hwi 12
3.5 牛筋草Eleusine indica (Linn.)Gaertn 13
3.6 狗牙根Cynodon dactylon (Linn.)Pers 13
3.7 假稻Leersia japonica (Makino) Honda 14
3.8 光头稗Echinochloa colonum (Linn.)Link 15
3.9 长芒稗Echinochloa caudata Roshev 16
3.10 旱稗Echinochloa hispidula (Retz.)Nees 17
3.11 无芒稗Echinochloa crusgali (Linn.)Beauv.var.mitis(Pursh)Peterm 18
3.12 双穗雀稗Paspalum paspaloides (Michx.)Scribn 19
3.13 升马唐Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.)Koel 20
3.14 毛马唐Digitaria chrysoblephara Fig.et De Not 21
3.15 大狗尾草Setaria faberi R.A.W.Herrm 22
3.16 狗尾草Setaria viridis (Linn.)Beauv 23
3.17 金色狗尾草Setaria glauca (L.)Beauv 24
3.18 大画眉草Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Link.ex Vignclo-Lutati 25
3.19 荻Triarrhena sacchari flora(Maxim.)Nakai 26
3.20 白茅Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.var.major (Ness) C.E.Hubb 27
3.21 假高粱Sorghum halepense (Linn.)Pers 28
3.22 蒺藜草Cenchrusechinatus L 30
3.23 糠稷Panicum bisulcatum T hunb 31
3.24 扁秆藨草Scirpus planiculmis Fr.Schmidt 32
3.25 日照飘拂草Fimbristylismiliacea (Linn.) Vahl 33
3.26 两歧飘拂草Fimbristylis dichotoma (Linn.)Vahl 34
3.27 香附子Cyperus rotundus Linn 34
3.28 碎米莎草Cyperus iria Linn 35
3.29 异型莎草Cyperus di f formis Linn 36
3.30 水莎草Juncellus serotinus (Rottb.)C.B.Clarke 37
3.31 葎草Humulus scandens(Lour.)Merr 38
3.32 葡蟠Broussonetia kaempferi Sieb 39
3.33 苎麻Boehmeria nivea(Linn.)Gaud 40
3.34 萹蓄Polygonum aviculare Linn 41
3.35 酸模叶蓼Polygonum lapathifolium Linn 42
3.36 绵毛酸模叶蓼Polygonum lapathifolium Linn.var.salicifolium Sibth 43
3.37 长花蓼Polygonum macranthum Meisn 44
3.38 杠板归Polygonum perfoliatum Linn 44
3.39 酸模Rumex acetosa Linn 45
3.40 羊蹄Rumex japonicus Houtt 46
3.41 齿果酸模Rumex dentatus Linn 47
3.42 土荆芥Chenopodium ambrosioides L 48
3.43 尖头叶藜Chenopodium acuminatum Willd 49
3.44 灰绿藜Chenopodium glaucum Linn 49
3.45 小藜Chenopodium serotinum Linn 50
3.46 藜Chenopodium album Linn 51
3.47 圆头藜Chenopodium strictum Roth 52
3.48 地肤Kochia scoparia (Linn.)Schrad 53
3.49 青葙Celosia argentea Linn 54
3.50 鸡冠花C elosia cristata Linn 54
3.51 刺苋Amaranthus spinosus L 55
3.52 反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus L 56
3.53 苋Amaranthus tricolor L 57
3.54 皱果苋Amaranthus viridis L 58
3.55 凹头苋Amaranthus lividus Linn 59
3.56 长芒苋Amaranthus palmeri S.Watson 59
3.57 繁穗苋Amaranthus paniculatus L 60
3.58 牛膝Achyranthes bidentata Blume 61
3.59 莲子草Alternanthera sessilis (Linn.)DC 62
3.60 空心莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.)Griseb 63
3.61 紫茉莉Mirabilis jalapa Linn 64
3.62 美洲商陆Phytolacca americana Linn 65
3.63 粟米草Mollugo pentaphylla Linn 66
3.64 马齿苋Portulaca oleracea Linn 66
3.65 千金藤Stephania japonica (Thunb.)Miers 67
3.66 木防己Cocculus orbiculatus (Linn.) DC 68
3.67 紫堇Corydalis edulis Maxim 69
3.68 黄醉蝶花Cleome viscosa Linn 70
3.69 臭荠Coronopusdidymus (L.)J.E.Smith 71
3.70 独行菜Lepidium apetalum Willd 72
3.71 无瓣蔊菜Rorippa dubia (Pers.)Hara 73
3.72 茅莓Rubus parvi folius Linn 74
3.73 蛇莓Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Focke 75
3.74 野蔷薇Rosa multiflora Thunb 76
3.75 龙牙草Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb 76
3.76 田菁Sesbania cannabina (Retz.)Poir 77
3.77 美丽胡枝子Lespedeza formosa (Vog.)Koehne 79
3.78 截叶铁扫帚Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.Cours.)G.Don 79
3.79 黄香草木樨Melilotus o f ficinalis (L.)Pallas 80
3.80 鸡眼草Kummerowia striata (Thunb.)Schindl 81
3.81 葛藤Pueraria lobata (Willdenow) Ohwi 82
3.82 野大豆Glycine soja Sieb.et Zucc 83
3.83 酢浆草Oxalis corniculata Linn 84
3.84 算盘子Glochidion p uberum Linn 85
3.85 铁苋菜Acalypha australis Linn 86
3.86 蓖麻Ricinus communis Linn 87
3.87 地锦草Euphorbia humifusa Willd 87
3.88 斑地锦Euphorbia supina Raf 88
3.89 白苞猩猩草Euphorbia heterophylla Linn 89
3.90 凤仙花Impatiens balsamina Linn 90
3.91 小叶葡萄Vitis sinocinerea W.T.Wang 91
3.92 蛇葡萄Ampelopsis sinica (Miq.)W.T.Wang 92
3.93 牯岭蛇葡萄Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.)Maxim ex Trautv.var.kulingensis Rehd 93
3.94 异叶蛇葡萄Ampelopsishumulifolia var.heterophylla(Thunb.)K.Koch 94
3.95 乌蔹莓Cayratia japonica (Thunb.)Gagnep 95
3.96 苘麻 Abutilon theophrasti Medic 96
3.97 白背黄花稔Sida rhombi folia Linn 97
3.98 马松子Melochia corchori folia Linn 97
3.99 柽柳Tamarix chinensis Lour 98
3.100 犁头叶堇菜Viola magnifica C.J.Wang et X.D.Wang 99
3.101 紫花地丁Viola yedoensis Makino 100
3.102 水苋菜Ammannia bacci fera Linn 101
3.103 野菱Trapa incisa Sieb.et Zucc 102
3.104 丁香蓼Ludwigia epilobioides Maxim 103
3.105 野胡萝卜Daucuscarota Linn 104
3.106 胡萝卜Daucuscarota Linn 105
3.107 络石Trachelospermum jasminoides (Lindl.)Lem 106
3.108 萝藦Metaplexis japonica (Thunb.)Makino 107
3.109 三裂叶薯I pomoea triloba Linn 108
3.110 裂叶牵牛Pharbitis nil (Linn.) Choisy 109
3.111 圆叶牵牛Pharbitis purpurea (Linn.) Voigt 110
3.112 白花牵牛Ipomoea biflora (Linn.) Persoon 111
3.113 茑萝Quamoclit pennata (Desr.)Boj 112
3.114 美女樱Verbena hybrida Voss 113
3.115 牡荆Vitex negundo Linn 113
3.116 益母草Leonurus artemisia (Laur.)S.Y.Hu 114
3.117 荔枝草Salvia plebeia R.Br 115
3.118 薄荷Mentha haplocalyx Briq 116
3.119 紫苏Perilla frutescens (Linn.)Britt 117
3.120 石荠苧Mosla scabra (Thunb.)C.Y.Wu et H.W.Li 118
3.121 海州香薷Elsholtzia splendens Nakai ex F.Maekawa 119
3.122 酸浆Physalis alkekengi Linn.var.franchetii (Mastsumura)Makino 120
3.123 龙葵Solanum nigrum Linn 121
3.124 黄花刺茄Solanum rostratum Dunal 122
3.125 阴行草Siphonostegia chinensis Benth 123
3.126 爵床Rostellularia procumbens (Linn.)Nees 125
3.127 车前Plantago asiatica Linn 126
3.128 鸡屎藤Paederia scandens (Lour.)Merr 127
3.129 白花蛇舌草Hedyotisdiffusa Willd 128
3.130 白花败酱Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss 129
3.131 败酱Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch.ex Trev 129
3.132 加拿大一枝黄花Solidago canadensis Linn 131
3.133 普陀狗哇花Heteropappus arenarius Kitamura 132
3.134 狗哇花Heteropappus hispidus (Thunb.) Less 133
3.135 马兰Kalimeris indica (Linn.) Sch.-Bip 134
3.136 钻形紫菀Aster subulatus Michx 134
3.137 三脉紫菀Aster ageratoides Turcz 135
3.138 小飞蓬Conyza canadensis (Linn.)Cronq 136
3.139 野塘蒿Conyza bonariensis (L.)Cronq 137
3.140 苏门白酒草Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) Walker 138
3.141 苍耳Xanthium sibiricum Patrin.ex Widder 139
3.142 豚草Ambrosia artemisii folia Linn 140
3.143 鳢肠Eclipta prostrata Linn 141
3.144 大狼把草Bidens frondosa Linn 142
3.145 羽叶鬼针草Bidens maximowicziana Oett 143
3.146 野菊Dendranthema indicum (Linn.)Des Moul 144
3.147 黄花蒿Artemisia annua Linn 145
3.148 艾蒿Artemisia argyi Levl.et Vant 146
3.149 刺儿菜Cirsium setosum (Willd.)MB 147
3.150 鼠麴草Gnaphalium a f fine D.Don 148
3.151 苣荬菜Sonchus arvensis Linn 149
3.152 续断菊Sonchus asper (Linn.)Hill 150
3.153 苦苣菜Sonch us oleraceus Linn 151
3.154 山莴苣Lactuca indica Linn 152
3.155 多裂翅果菊Pterocypsela laciniata (Houtt.)Shih 153
3.156 台湾翅果菊Pterocypsela formosana (Maxim.)Shih 154
3.157 毒莴苣Lactuca serriola L 155
3.158 香蒲Typha orientalis Presl 156
3.159 水烛Typha angustifolia Linn 157
3.160 水鳖Hydrocharis dubia (Bl.)Backer 158
3.161 鸭跖草Commelina communis Linn 159
3.162 饭包草Commelina bengalensis Linn 160
3.163 鸭舌草Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.)Presl ex Kunth 161
3.164 水葫芦Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.)Solms 162
第4部分 老塘山港区lkm范围秋季杂草的群落结构特征 164
4.1 研究方法 164
4.1.1 杂草取样 164
4.1.2 杂草生物学特性测定 164
4.1.3 杂草群落结构特征分析统计软件 164
4.2 研究结果 164
4.2.1 各取样点杂草种类及总茎数 164
4.2.2 调查的27个采样点杂草种类、茎数、株高、生物量及优势度分析 166
第5部分 老塘山港区1 km范围秋季栽培作物 179
5.1 老塘山港区lkm范围秋季十字花科栽培作物 179
5.1.1 萝卜Raphanus sativus Linn 179
5.1.2 白菜Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr 179
5.1.3 青菜Brassica chinensis Linn 180
5.2 老塘山港区1 km范围秋季豆科栽培作物 180
5.2.1 花生Arachis hypogaea Linn 180
5.2.2 扁豆Dolichos lablab Linn 180
5.2.3 菜豆(四季豆)Phaseolus vulgaris Linn 181
5.2.4 豇豆(长豇豆)Vigna unguiculata (Linn.)Walp 181
5.2.5 乌豇豆Vigna cylindrica(Linn.)Skeels 181
5.2.6 大豆Glycine ma.x (Linn.)Merr 182
5.3 老塘山港区1 km范围秋季旋花科栽培作物 182
5.3.1 甘薯I pomoea batatas (Linn.)Lam 182
5.4 老塘山港区1km范围秋季茄科栽培作物 182
5.4.1 辣椒Capsicum annuum Linn 182
5.4.2 菜椒Capsicum annuum Linn.var.grossum (Linn.)Sendt 183
5.4.3 茄Solanum melongena Linn 183
5.4.4 樱桃番茄Lycopersicon esculentum Mill 183
5.5 老塘山港区1 km范围秋季葫芦科栽培作物 184
5.5.1 黄瓜Cucumis sativus Linn 184
5.5.2 甜瓜Cucumis melo Linn 184
5.5.3 葫芦Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl 184
5.5.4 南瓜Cucurbita moschata (Duch.)Duch 185
5.6 老塘山港区1 km范围秋季禾本科栽培作物 185
5.6.1 水稻Oryza sativa Linn 185
5.6.2 玉米Zea mays Linn 185
5.7 老塘山港区1 km范围秋季其他栽培作物 186
5.7.1 苋Amaranthus tricolor Linn 186
5.7.2 葱Alliumfistulosum Linn 186
5.7.3 大蒜Allium sativum Linn 186
5.7.4 韭菜Allium tuberosum Rottl.ex Spreng 187
5.7.5 芋Colocasia esculenta(Linn.)Schott 187
5.7.6 乌菱Trapa bicornis Osbeck 187
5.7.7 秋葵Abelmoschusesculentus (Linn.)Moench 188
结语 189