Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Should Vocabulary Be Taught？ 1
Approaches to Vocabulary Learning 2
Points to Consider in Vocabulary Learning 4
Chapter 2 The Goals of Vocabulary Learning and Vocabulary Size 11
How Many Words Does a Second Language Learner Need？ 11
How Do We Choose What Vocabulary to Teach？ 18
Setting Goals for Your Learners 24
Application 26
Chapter 3 What Is Involved in Learning a Word？ 29
What Is a Word？ 29
What Is Involved in Knowing a Word？ 30
What Features Make Learning a Word Difficult？ 33
Application 49
Chapter 4 Communicating Meaning 51
The Teaching of Meaning 51
Concepts 53
Definitions 56
Communicating Meaning and Remembering the Meaning 63
Investigating Learning 69
Application 72
Chapter 5 Assessing Vocabulary Size 75
Measuring Total Vocabulary Size 75
Measuring Knowledge of a Particular Group of Words 77
Application 83
Chapter 6 Vocabulary and Listening 85
What Vocabulary Is Needed to Understand Spoken English？ 85
How Can You Test the Size of a Learner's Listening Vocabularv？ 86
What Should You Do When Your Learners Do Not Have Enough Vocabulary to Understand Spoken English？ 87
Application 90
Chapter 7 Vocabulary and Speaking 93
What Vocabulary Is Needed to Speak English？ 93
What Should You Do When Learners Do Not Have Enough Vocabulary to Speak？ 94
Application 112
Chapter 8 Vocabulary and Reading 115
What Vocabulary Is Needed to Read English？ 115
How Do You Test a Learner's Reading Vocabulary？ 116
What Should You Do When Learners Do Not Have Enough Vocabulary to Read Their Set Texts？ 119
What Should You Do When There Are Some Unknown Words in a Text？ 129
What Should You Do When There Are Unknown Words in an English for Special Purposes Text？ 138
Application 142
Chapter 9 Vocabulary and Writing 147
What Vocabulary Is Needed to Write English？ 147
What Should You Do When Learners Do Not Have Enough Vocabulary to Write？ 147
Application 156
Chapter 10 Learner Strategies 159
Guessing Words in Context 160
Using Mnemonic Techniques 166
Using Prefixes,Roots,and Suffixes 168
Application 174
Chapter 11 Simplification of Reading Material 177
Why Simplify？ 177
How to Simplify 182
Application 187
Chapter 12 Directions in Vocabulary Studies 189
Vocabulary Learning Goals 189
Organizing Vocabulary Learning 190
Vocabulary and Reading 191
Quality of Vocabulary Knowledge 192
Bibliography 193
Appendix 1 Words from the General Service List Which Are Not Likely to Be Well-Known 233
Appendix 2 A University Word List 235
Appendix 3 A Passage with Words of Various Frequency Levels Omitted 241
Appendix 4 Words in Context 247
Appendix 5 To Examine the Vocabulary of a Textbook 249
Appendix 6 Conjunction Relationships 251
Appendix 7 Vocabulary Puzzles 253
Appendix 8 A Vocabulary Levels Test 261
Index 273