PART ONE THE SENTENCE 1
Ⅰ．TYPES OF SENTENCES 1
A．The Periodic Sentence 1
B．The Short and Long Sentences 4
1．Using short sentences 4
2．Using long sentences 9
3．Alternating short and longsentences 9
C．Simple,Compound,Complex and Compound-Complex Sentences 12
1．The simple sentence 12
2．The compound sentence 13
3．The complex sentence 14
4．The compound-complex sentence 18
Ⅱ．COMMON ERRORS 22
A．Run-on Sentences 22
B．Fragmentary Sentences 36
1．dependent-word fragments 38
2．-ing and to fragments 42
3．added-detail fragments 45
4．missing-subject fragments 49
1．Correcting faulty coordination 60
C．Faulty Parallelism 60
2．Making a series of parallels 62
3．Watching incorrect omissions 63
4．Comparisons using than or as 64
D．Misplaced Modifiers 66
E．Dangling Modifiers 76
Ⅲ．SENTENCE VARIETY AND BREVITY 86
A．Modifying Phrases 87
B．Relative Pronouns 90
C．Joining Sentences And Doing Away With Unnecessary Words 92
D．Combining Short Sentences 95
E．Sentence Variety Through Participle Phrases 97
F．-ly Openers 100
G．to Openers 101
PART TWO THE PARAGRAPH 112
Ⅰ．PREWRITING 112
A．Free-writing 113
B．Questioning 115
C．Listing and Grouping 117
Ⅱ．SIMPLE OUTLINING 119
Ⅲ．THE TOPIC SENTENCE 124
Supporting Sentences 127
Ⅳ．UNITY 136
Ⅴ．COHERENCE 140
A．The Use of Pronouns 141
B．The Repetition of Key Nouns And Key Word Groups 141
C．Avoiding Pronoun Shifts 144
D．Using Transitional Signals 145
Ⅵ．ENDING A PARAGRAPH 154
A．Restating the Main Idea 155
B．Summarizing the Main Points 155
C．Showing a Result 156
D．Putting the Most Important Point Last 157
E．Drawing an Inference 158
Ⅶ．WAYS OF DEVELOPING A PARAGRAPH 166
A．Time and Process 171
B．Space 183
C．Exemplification 193
PART THREE PRECIS AND PRACTICAL WRITING 207
Ⅰ．PRECIS WRITING 207
Ⅱ．PRACTICAL WRITING 217
A．Notes 217
1．Note of thanks 218
2．Messages 219
3．Invitations 220
4．Appointments 222
5．Apologies 224
B．Letters 226
1．The format of the letter 226
2．Application for a job 232
3．Application for a college 236
4．Letters of invitation 238
5．Letters of thanks 240
6．Letters of complaints 242
7．Letters of congratulations 244
C．Résumé 246
APPENDIX Ⅰ USEFUL INFORMATION FOR WRITING 258
A．Capitalization 258
B．Punctuation 259
C．Word Division 262
APPENDIX Ⅱ DICTIONARIES RECOMMENDED FOR LEARNERS OF ENGLISH WRITING 268
后记 270
英语写作基础自学考试大纲 271