英文短文写作入门谈 1
一、两点建议 1
二、段落的写作方法 8
三、各种文体的基本写作技巧 13
四、作文考试的命题形式 18
1．Our School（我们的学校） 37
（1）Our College(Ⅰ) 37
（2）Our College(Ⅱ) 38
（3）Our College Campus 38
（4）Our Library 39
（5）Our Classroom 40
（6）Our Dormitory 41
（7）My Bedroom 41
（8）A Teacher's Lounge 42
2．Life at School（学校生活） 44
（1）Life in the University 44
（2）College Life 45
（3）University Life 46
（4）At the Library 47
（5）My First Day on Campus 47
（6）My First Year at College 48
（7）College Experience 49
（8）The Pros and Cons of Dormitory Life 50
（9）Students Doing Part-time Work 51
（10）My Opinion of Students Taking a Part-time Job 51
（11）Should College Students Do Part-time Job? 52
（12）Part-time Jobs for College Students 53
（13）How I Finance My College Education 54
（14）The Students' Associations 55
（15）Is a TV Lounge Necessary to Students? 56
（16）Campus Tour 56
（17）A Sports Meet 57
（18）What Do You Think about Grades? 58
（19）Our Favorite Courses 59
（20）No Alcoholic Beverages on Campus 60
（21）No Charity on Campus 61
3．Teachers and Students（老师·学生） 63
（1）An Ideal Teacher 63
（2）A Good Teacher 64
（3）A Capable Teacher 64
（4）The Teacher I Like Most 66
（5）My Teacher(Ⅰ) 66
（6）My Teacher(Ⅱ) 67
（7）My History Teacher 68
（8）Professor Wang 68
（9）The Changing Criteria of a Good Student 69
（10）A True,Good Student 70
（11）Try to Be Good Students 71
（12）As a College Student 72
（13）Four Kinds of Students 72
（14）The Teacher-student Relationship 73
4．Schoolmates and Friends（同窗好友） 75
（1）My Classmate 75
（2）My New Roommate 76
（3）A Friend in My Memory 77
（4）My Friend 78
（5）Mary and Jane 79
（6）A Friend of Liberality 79
5．Extracurricular Activities（课外活动） 81
（1）After-class Activities on Campus 81
（2）A Basketball Match 82
（3）A Basketball Game 83
（4）Visiting a Museum 84
6．Vacation（假期生活） 85
（1）Summer Holidays 85
（2）How to Spend the Summer Vacation 85
（3）How I Spent My Summer 86
（4）Summer Memories 87
（5）How I Passed My Summer Vacation 88
（6）My Summer Vacation(Ⅰ) 89
（7）My Summer Vacation(Ⅱ) 90
（8）The Happy Vacation Life 91
（9）How to Spend Sundays 91
（10）During the Summer Holidays 92
7．Way of study（学习之道） 94
（1）The Way of Study 94
（2）Successful Learning 95
（3）Good Study Habits 96
（4）Never Too Old to Learn 96
（5）Self-study 97
（6）Interests 98
（7）Curiosity 99
（8）Imagination 99
（9）Practice Makes Perfect 100
8．Language Learning（语言学习） 101
（1）Writing an Essay 101
（2）Causes for Failure in Study 102
（3）Foreign Language Learning 102
（4）Gateway to the World 104
（5）Successful Language Learners 105
（6）Learning English at College 106
（7）Learn As a Child Does 107
（8）Why Should We Increase Our Vocabulary? 108
（9）The Use of Dictionary in Language Learning 108
（10）The Inappropriate Dictionaries for Foreign Students 109
（11）How I Learn to Speak English 110
（12）On Developing Speaking Ability 110
（13）Writing an English Essay 111
（14）Writing English Compositions 112
9．Language and Communication（语言与交流） 114
（1）Means of Communication 114
（2）Communication by Telephone or Letter 115
（3）The Gift of Conversation 116
（4）The Charm of the Chinese Language 117
（5）Advantages of Written Communication 118
（6）Advantages of Oral Communication 119
（7）Key Differences in the Communication Patterns of Men and Women 120
（8）Eloquence 121
10．Examination（考试） 123
（1）Examination(Ⅰ) 123
（2）Examination(Ⅱ) 123
（3）Three Kinds of Examinations 124
（4）Examination—A Deceitful Trick 125
（5）Some Disadvantages of Examination 126
（6）The Negative Sides of Closed-book Exams 127
（7）How to Prepare Oneself for a Test 128
（8）Is the Test of Spoken English Necessary? 129
（9）About Examinations 129
（10）Experiencing Examination 130
（11）Short-answer and Essay Tests 131
（12）Essay Test 132
（13）The Night Before Examination 133
11．Way to Success（成功之路） 134
（1）The Way to Success 134
（2）Key Factors to Success 135
（3）The Way to Achieve Success 136
（4）It's Never Too Late for Success 136
（5）Opportunity and Success 137
（6）My View on Opportunity 138
（7）Depend on Yourself 139
（8）On Work Efficiency 140
（9）Failure Is the Mother of Success 141
（10）On Failure 141
（11）Is Failure a Bad Thing? 142
（12）No Pains,No Gains 143
（13）The Importance of Confidence 144
（14）Self-confidence 145
12．Make Full Use of Time（爱惜光阴） 146
（1）Time 146
（2）The Value of Time(Ⅰ) 147
（3）The Value of Time(Ⅱ) 148
（4）Make Full Use of Time 148
（5）Youth 149
（6）Make the Most of School Days 150
（7）Spending Our Leisure to the Best Advantage 152
（8）Organization Saves Time and Energy 153
（9）Waste 153
13．On Books（书籍与读书） 155
（1）Books(Ⅰ) 155
（2）Books(Ⅱ) 155
（3）My Best Friend 156
（4）Our Good Friends 157
（5）Companionship of Books 158
（6）Reading Makes a Full Man 159
（7）Reading 160
（8）On Reading 161
（9）The Choice of Books 162
（10）Books for Recreation 162
（11）Books Are the Ladder to the Advanee of Mankind 163
（12）Novel Reading 165
（13）Advantages of Marking Books 165
14．Happiness（幸福观） 167
（1）How to Obtain Happiness 167
（2）How to Be Happy 168
（3）Work and Happiness 169
（4）Wealth and Happiness 170
（5）A Sense of Humor 171
15．Ideals and Wishes（理想与愿望） 172
（1）Wishes 172
（2）Ideals 173
（3）The Future 174
（4）If I Were Rich 175
（5）Young People Should Have Ideals 175
（6）The Aim of a Young Man 176
（7）If I Were a Boy Again 177
（8）Where to Go after My Graduation 178
16．On Will（立志） 180
（1）Where There Is a Will,There Is a Way 180
（2）Perseverance 181
（3）Rome Was Not Built in a Day 181
（4）Don't Stop Halfway 182
（5）Discontent 183
（6）Man's Strong Will 184
17．Self-cultivation（道德修养） 186
（1）Morality and Education 186
（2）Morality and Knowledge 186
（3）Honesty 187
（4）Bravery 188
（5）Temptation 189
（6）Diligence(Ⅰ) 190
（7）Diligence(Ⅱ) 190
（8）Thrift 191
（9）Thrift Is Always a Good Virture 192
（10）Saving Food Is a Virtue 193
（11）The Disadvantages of Telling a Lie 195
（12）To Be Patient 196
（13）Our Responsibility 197
（14）Our Responsibilities 198
（15）Is Hardship a Bad Thing? 199
18．Good Manners（文明礼貌） 200
（1）Good Manners(Ⅰ) 200
（2）Good Manners(Ⅱ) 201
（3）Manners Matter 202
（4）Politeness 203
（5）Punctuality 204
19．Friendship（友谊） 206
（1）Friendship 206
（2）True Friendship 207
（3）A Good Friend 208
（4）Making Friends 208
（5）How to Make Friends 209
（6）My Ideal Friend 210
（7）On Making Friends 211
（8）The Choice of Friends 212
（9）On Friendship 213
20．Habit and Hobby（习惯和爱好） 215
（1）Habit 215
（2）Carefulness and Carelessness 216
（3）To Rise Early 216
（4）Early Rising 217
（5）Bad Habits 218
（6）Gambling 219
（7）Alcoholic Drinks 220
（8）Hobbies(Ⅰ) 221
（9）Hobbies(Ⅱ) 222
（10）Philately 223
（11）The Advantage of Stamp Collecting 224
21．Education（教育） 225
（1）Education in China Today 225
（2）Education 226
（3）Importance of Education 227
（4）The Importance of a Good Education 228
（5）What I Understand by Education 228
（6）The Importance of Self-education 229
（7）Active Classes or Passive Classes? 230
（8）The"Hope Project" 231
（9）Private Schools 232
（10）My Opinion of Today's Education 233
（11）Studying in a University 234
（12）Attending College 236
（13）The Reform of the College Curricula 237
（14）Why I Want to Go to Graduate School 237
（15）Children Problem 238
（16）Hard Life Is Good for Children 239
（17）The Importance of Praise 241
（18）Television Is Bad for Children 241
（19）Infant Education 243
（20）Should Parents Plan Their Children's Leisure Time Carefully? 244
（21）The Advantages and Disadvantages of Private Tutoring 245
22．Children and Childhood（儿童与童年） 247
（1）Childhood Fears 247
（2）When I Was a Child 248
（3）My Childhood(Ⅰ) 249
（4）My Childhood(Ⅱ) 250
（5）My Boyhood Days 251
（6）A Bitter Experience in My Childhood 252
（7）A Better Understanding Between Parents and Children 252
23．Recollections of the Past（往事的回忆） 254
（1）My First Contribution 254
（2）On the Eve of My Departure for School 255
（3）My Days in the Middle School 256
（4）Farewell to My Middle School Life 257
（5）My First Class at College 257
（6）An Unusual Dream 258
（7）An Unpleasant Experience 259
（8）A Terrifying Experience 260
（9）An Unforgettable Accident 261
（10）An Unforgettable Event 262
（11）A Meaningful Day to Remember 262
（12）A Day to Remember 263
（13）Boating in the Park 264
24．Profession（职业与择业） 265
（1）Choosing a Career 265
（2）Choosing the Right Career 265
（3）A Decision to Make Before Graduation 266
（4）Interview As a Method of Assessment 267
（5）Successful Interview 268
（6）My View on Job-hopping 269
（7）My Ideal Job 270
（8）Two Positions 270
（9）The Profession I Like to Follow 271
（10）Teaching—My Profession 272
（11）I Want to Be a Teacher 272
25．Health（健康） 274
（1）Good Health 274
（2）Health(Ⅰ) 275
（3）Health(Ⅱ) 276
（4）How to Keep Healthy 276
（5）Wealth and Health 277
（6）Smoking and Health 278
（7）Living a Long Life 279
（8）Staying Healthy 280
（9）Health Improvements in Developing Countries 280
（10）Smoking and Cancer 281
26．My Parents（我的父母） 283
（1）Motherly Love 283
（2）My Beloved Mother 284
（3）My Mother(Ⅰ) 285
（4）My Mother(Ⅱ) 286
（5）Father 287
（6）The Busiest Person in My Family 287
27．My Hometown（我的家乡） 289
（1）My Hometown(Ⅰ) 289
（2）My Hometown(Ⅱ) 289
（3）My Hometown(Ⅲ) 290
（4）My Hometown(Ⅳ) 291
（5）My Hometown(Ⅴ) 292
（6）My Native Town 293
（7）My Birthplace 293
（8）Going Home 294
28．Love and Marriage（情爱与婚姻） 297
（1）Love(Ⅰ) 297
（2）Love(Ⅱ) 298
（3）Love and Marriage 299
（4）Love and Learning 300
（5）Arranged Marriages 300
29．Family（家庭） 302
（1）The Chinese Family Structure 302
（2）The Changing Chinese Family 303
（3）Family Life in China 304
（4）Changes in the Family 304
（5）Family and Personal Development 305
（6）The One-child Family 306
（7）My Family(Ⅰ) 307
（8）My Family(Ⅱ) 307
（9）Share the Housework 308
（10）My Large Family 309
（11）On Childless Family 310
（12）The Importance of the Family 311
（13）Is Family Influence Critical? 312
（14）Honour Our Parents 313
30．Festivals and Holidays（新年佳节） 315
（1）Spring Festival 315
（2）The Chinese New Year 316
（3）The Lunar New Year's Celebration 317
（4）On the New Year's Eve 318
（5）A New Year Party 319
（6）Celebrating Lantern Festival in China 319
（7）The Mid-autumn Festival 320
（8）Teacher's Day 321
（9）My Birthday 322
（10）A Birthday Party 322
（11）Christmas 323
（12）Christmas Gifts 323
31．City Life and Country Life（城市与农村生活） 325
（1）Living in a Big City 325
（2）The Other Side of City Life 326
（3）How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities 327
（4）City Life 328
（5）Changes in People's Daily Expenses in X City 328
（6）Supermarkets 329
（7）Country Life 330
（8）A Glimpse of Rural Life 331
（9）Pleasure of the Country 331
（10）A Rainy Day in the Countryside 333
（11）Life on a Farm(Ⅰ) 333
（12）Life on a Farm(Ⅱ) 334
（13）Enjoyment of City People 335
（14）Enjoyment of Country People 335
（15）Country Life versus City Life 336
（16）Country versus City 337
（17）Where to Live—In the City or the Country? 338
32．Sports（体育） 340
（1）Sports in Our Country 340
（2）Sports 341
（3）Women in Sports 341
（4）Physical Training 342
（5）Physical Exercise and Mental Advantages 343
（6）Physical Exercise and Health 344
（7）Physical Exercise and Social Advantages 345
（8）Prize and Competition 346
（9）Physical Recreation or Intellectual Activities 346
（10）Motivation for Sports and Success 347
（11）On Sports in College 349
（12）Chinese Basketball 350
（13）Swimming 351
（14）Mountain-climbing 351
（15）Skiing 352
（16）An Early Morning Walk 353
（17）Wake Up Your Life by Walking 354
（18）European Football and American Football 355
33．Recreations（消遣与娱乐） 356
（1）Recreations 356
（2）Recreation 357
（3）Ways People Spend Leisure Time 358
（4）Ways of Relaxing 358
（5）Music(Ⅰ) 359
（6）Music(Ⅱ) 360
（7）Motion Pictures 361
（8）A Kite 362
（9）A Walk in the Rain 362
（10）A Walk on the Seashore 363
（11）An Art Exhibition 364
（12）The Game I Like Best 365
（13）Mountain Climbing 365
（14）Swimming in Winter 366
（15）Pet Dogs 367
（16）Video Games 368
（17）No More Video Games 369
（18）A Performance 369
（19）What Makes a Good Walk 370
（20）Work and Rest 371
34．Excursion（郊游） 373
（1）Our Spring Day Walk 373
（2）A Spring Outing 374
（3）An Excursion 375
（4）A Picnic 376
（5）A Walk along the Seashore 377
（6）A Moonlight Picnic 378
（7）A Visit to Mount Lion 379
（8）Going Out on a Picnic 380
（9）An Outing 381
35．Tourism（旅行与旅游） 382
（1）Tourism 382
（2）Travelling(Ⅰ) 383
（3）Travelling(Ⅱ) 384
（4）Travel 385
（5）Travelling by Train 386
（6）Travelling by Air 387
（7）Tian'anmen Square:A Tourist Attraction 388
（8）Going Out to See the Whole World 388
36．Transportation（交通工具） 390
（1）Automobiles 390
（2）Travelling by Train or by Air? 391
（3）How to Ride the Subway in Beijing 391
（4）Owning a Private Car in an Urban Area 392
（5）Private Cars in Large Cities 393
（6）Motorcycles 394
（7）Bicycles 394
（8）The Reasons for Popularity of Bicycles in China 395
（9）Cars for Tomorrow 396
（10）Taxi 397
37．Dwellings（民居） 398
（1）My Home(Ⅰ) 398
（2）My Home(Ⅱ) 398
（3）My Flat 399
（4）My New Home 400
38．On Money（金钱问题） 401
（1）Money(Ⅰ) 401
（2）Money(Ⅱ) 402
（3）Money and Greed 403
（4）The Right Use of Money 404
（5）Is Money Everything? 405
39．Generation Gap（代沟） 406
（1）Generation Gap 406
（2）What Kind of Life to Live—Realistic or Romantic? 407
（3）Modern Youth 408
（4）Mutual Understanding Is Important 408
40．Women（妇女问题） 410
（1）On Women's Problems 410
（2）Women in Our Society 411
（3）A Woman's Place 412
（4）Should Men and Women Be Equal? 412
（5）Women Are as Perfect as Men 413
（6）Women Today 414
（7）Women--Still as Second-class Citizen 415
41．Population（人口问题） 417
（1）Population Explosion 417
（2）Population Control 418
（3）China's Population Problem in Rural Areas 418
（4）How to Solve the Problem of Employment and Population 419
（5）Population and Birth Control 420
42．Traffic Problems（交通问题） 422
（1）Modern Transportation 422
（2）Traffic Problems in Big Cities 423
（3）How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic 424
（4）Problems Brought About by Automobiles 425
（5）Road Accidents 425
（6）Pile-up Traffic Accidents 426
（7）A Road Accident 427
（8）A Witness of a Traffic Accident 428
43．Environmental Protection（环境保护） 429
（1）Pollution 429
（2）Pollution—A Social Problem 430
（3）Noise 431
（4）Air Pollution 432
（5）Cars and Air Pollution 433
（6）Water Pollution 434
（7）Deserts 435
（8）Let's Plant More Trees 435
（9）Man and the Environment 436
（10）Pollution Control 437
（11）Preserving the Environment 438
（12）Protecting Natural Environment 438
（13）Why Should We Protect Natural Resources? 439
（14）Garbage Disposal of the Past,Present,and Future 441
（15）Pollution and Economic Development 442
（16）How to Save Wild Animals 442
（17）The Preservation of Wild Life 443
（18）Why Animals Should Be Protected 444
（19）Significance of Wildlife Protection 445
（20）Saving Wildlife Helps Ourselves 446
44．Resources（资源） 448
（1）Water 448
（2）Water Shortage 449
（3）Treasure Water 450
（4）Rivers 451
（5）Food 451
（6）Foods 452
（7）Land Resources 453
（8）Land Use Today 454
（9）Use Our Natural Resources 455
45．Energy Supply（能源） 457
（1）Energy Sources 457
（2）Solar Energy 457
（3）Energy from the Sun 458
（4）Electricity 459
（5）Save Every Drop of water 460
（6）Friction 461
（7）There Are Different Forms of Energy 462
46．Economic Development（发展经济） 463
（1）China's Reforms 463
（2）On Open Policy 463
（3）On Importing Technology from Abroad 465
（4）Management 465
（5）The Importance of Agriculture 466
（6）Competition 467
（7）Venture 468
（8）The Changes in China's Foreign Trade 468
（9）Advantages and Problems of Private Enterprises 469
（10）What Is Commerce 471
（11）Tasks of Production Managers 471
（12）Foreign Investment 472
（13）Preserve Every Inch of Farmland 473
（14）The Role of Prices 474
（15）The World Is Getting Smaller and Smaller 475
（16）The Improvement of Life in a Peasant's Family 475
47．Science and Technology（科学技术） 477
（1）What Can Science Do for Man? 477
（2）The Influence of Science on Our Lives 478
（3）Science and the World's Problems 478
（4）Science:Good or Evil 479
（5）Classification of Scientists 480
（6）Effect of Advanced Technology on Human Beings 481
（7）Inventions 482
（8）Space Travel 482
48．Computer and Internet（计算机与网络） 484
（1）Electronics 484
（2）Computers 484
（3）Computer and Man 485
（4）Pocket Calculators 486
（5）Robots 487
（6）Will Computers Replace Us? 488
（7）Computer Games 488
（8）Are Computers Necessary in the Life of Modern Man?(Ⅰ) 489
（9）Are Computers Necessary in the Life of Modern Man?(Ⅱ) 490
（10）Internet:A Platform for Distributed Processing 491
（11）E-mail 492
49．Television（电视） 494
（1）Television(Ⅰ) 494
（2）Television(Ⅱ) 495
（3）My Favourite TV Programme 495
（4）Adverse Influence of TV 496
（5）The Harmful Effect of TV on Children 497
（6）Television Is Doing Irreparable Harm 498
（7）My Favorite Programme 499
50．Mass Media（传播媒介） 500
（1）The Mass Media 500
（2）News Sources 501
（3）Newspapers and Television 501
（4）Newspapers and Magazines 502
（5）The Value of the Newspaper 503
（6）Newspapers(Ⅰ) 504
（7）Newspapers(Ⅱ) 505
（8）Function of a Newspaper 505
（9）The News Media 506
51．Advertisements（广告） 508
（1）Advertisements(Ⅰ) 508
（2）Advertisements(Ⅱ) 509
（3）On Advertising 510
（4）Advertising 510
（5）How Advertisers Get Our Attention 511
（6）The Arguments on Advertising:for and Against 512
（7）Advertising:Good or Bad? 513
（8）Advertisement Paper 514
52．Daily Happenings（生活琐记） 516
（1）A Market Scene 516
（2）Shopping 517
（3）A Typical Day for an Ordinary Chinese Woman 517
（4）A Typical Day in My Life 518
（5）Helping a Foreign Student 519
（6）A Worry for Nothing 520
（7）Fashions 520
（8）"Stop Thief!" 521
（9）A Lost Wallet 522
（10）What a Clever Idea 523
（11）Haste Comes Not Alone 524
（12）My Favourite Colour 524
（13）A Miserable Moment 525
（14）A Diary 526
（15）Catching Cold 527
（16）Seeing a Doctor 527
53．Social Issues（时事话题） 529
（1）Science and Education Are Vital to a Prosperous China 529
（2）The Requirements of Democracy 530
（3）Law and Order 531
（4）Fight Against Crime 532
（5）Blood Donation 533
（6）The One-child Policy 533
（7）Cooperation and Competition 534
（8）Challenges 535
（9）Wipe Out Fake Products 536
（10）Buying Things Made in China 537
（11）Problems in Our Grain Production 538
（12）The Gap Between the Rich and the Poor 539
（13）Basic Research and Market 540
（14）University Housing Problems in China 541
（15）Certificates or a Sound Education 541
（16）What Should We Learn from Americans? 542
（17）Unpleasant Surprise in the Centennial Olympic Games 543
（18）Should Private Cars Be Encouraged in China? 545
（19）Care for Our Community 546
（20）Patriotism(Ⅰ) 547
（21）Patriotism(Ⅱ) 547
（22）Noise Today,Music Tomorrow 548
54．Aspects of Life（生活面面观） 550
（1）Finding Meaning in Life 550
（2）Stress Is Part of Life 551
（3）What Is the Best Preparation for Life 552
（4）We Must Live in the Present 553
（5）Is Social Skill Important? 554
（6）Health,Beauty and Knowledge 555
（7）Health or Wealth 556
（8）On Dieting 557
（9）On Meat Eating 557
（10）Gaining and Losing Weight 558
（11）Fashion 559
（12）No Smoking in Public Areas 560
（13）Earning a House by One's Own Sweat 561
（14）Misfortune of Single-parent Children 562
（15）Should Older People Live with Their Adult Children? 563
（16）At the Marketplace 564
（17）Dogs as Pets 565
（18）Are Pets Good for People? 566
（19）Some Fire Hazards Around Us 567
（20）Fire Accidents in Big Cities 568
（21）Retirement 568
（22）Provide a Better Life for Senior Citizens 569
（23）Two-day Weekend 570
（24）Euthanasia 571
（25）Where to Spend the Last Day 572
（26）Quit Liquor Drinking 573
（27）Dining Out in a Fast Food Restaurant 574
（28）Offering Gifts 575
（29）Fate 576
（30）Studying Abroad 577
55．Natural Phenomena（自然现象） 579
（1）Earthquakes 579
（2）Gravity 580
（3）Typhoons and Earthquakes 580
（4）UFO 581
56．Climate（气候） 583
（1）Climate(Ⅰ) 583
（2）Climate(Ⅱ) 583
（3）Weather 584
（4）Weather Forecasts 585
57．Tree-planting（植树造林） 586
（1）Preservation of Forests 586
（2）Trees and Man 587
（3）Forest 587
（4）Make Our Cities Greener 588
（5）The Uses of Trees 589
（6）Forest Fires 590
58．Animals（动物） 591
（1）Pets 591
（2）Children and Pets 592
（3）Some Useful Animals 592
（4）The Sheep 593
（5）The Dog 594
（6）The Tiger 595
（7）The King of Beasts 595
（8）Camels in the Desert 596
（9）Birds 597
59．Flowers（花卉） 598
（1）Flowers(Ⅰ) 598
（2）Flowers(Ⅱ) 599
（3）Flowers(Ⅲ) 600
60．Natural Produce（物产） 602
（1）Coal 602
（2）Iron 603
（3）Gold 604
（4）Paper 604
（5）Paper and Its Uses 605
（6）Cotton 606
（7）Sugar 607
（8）Tea(Ⅰ) 608
（9）Tea(Ⅱ) 609
（10）Silk 610
61．Beautiful Sights（日月星辰） 611
（1）Sunrise on the Western Hills 611
（2）Early Morning Sunlight 611
（3）The Sun 612
（4）Sunset(Ⅰ) 613
（5）Sunset(Ⅱ) 614
（6）Sunset(Ⅲ) 614
（7）The Rising of the Moon 614
（8）The Moon 615
（9）Stars 616
（10）The Rising Sun 617
（11）A Moonlit Night 618
（12）If You Look at the Moon 619
62．Changes of the Weather（风云雨雪） 620
（1）Listening to the Wind 620
（2）The Motion of the Wind 620
（3）A Violent Wind 621
（4）Clouds 621
（5）Summer Clouds 622
（6）A Thunder Storm(Ⅰ) 623
（7）A Thunder Storm(Ⅱ) 624
（8）A Shower(Ⅰ) 625
（9）A Shower(Ⅱ) 625
（10）The First Snow 626
（11）Snow 627
（12）A Snowfall 628
63．Scenery of the Four Seasons（四季景色） 629
（1）The Four Seasons 629
（2）The Seasons 630
（3）Four Seasons 631
（4）Spring(Ⅰ) 631
（5）Spring(Ⅱ) 632
（6）Spring(Ⅲ) 633
（7）Spring Falls on Us 633
（8）Spring Morning 634
（9）Summer 635
（10）The Hot Summer 636
（11）A Pleasant Summer 637
（12）The Early Summer 637
（13）Autumn(Ⅰ) 638
（14）Autumn(Ⅱ) 639
（15）Winter(Ⅰ) 639
（16）Winter(Ⅱ) 640
（17）My Favourite Month 641
64．Sketches of Natural Scenes（山水的描写） 642
（1）A Bay in the Moonlight(Ⅰ) 642
（2）A Bay in the Moonlight(Ⅱ) 642
（3）A Bay 642
（4）A Foggy Bay 643
（5）At the Seaside 643
（6）A Calm Sea 643
（7）A Pond 644
（8）A Brook 644
（9）Lakes 645
（10）A Moonlit Valley 645
（11）A Beautiful Precipice 645
（12）A Village in the Evening 646
（13）At the Riverside 646
（14）The Great Wall 647
65．Sketches of Animals and Birds（飞禽走兽的描写） 649
（1）Footprints of Animals 649
（2）Swallows 649
（3）The Return of Swallows 650
（4）Ducks 650
（5）The Hens of a Farmyard 650
（6）A Country Girl Catches a Chicken 650
（7）Horses(Ⅰ) 651
（8）Horses(Ⅱ) 651
（9）Horses(Ⅲ) 651
（10）A Lean Ox 651
（11）Dogs 652
（12）Sheep 652
（13）Cat 652
（14）Night Song 653
（15）Stork 653
（16）Sea-gull 653
（17）Crows 654
（18）Eagle 654
66．Sketches of Fish and Insects（鱼虫的描写） 655
（1）Fish(Ⅰ) 655
（2）Fish(Ⅱ) 655
（3）A Swarm of Locusts 655
（4）Moths over the Lamp(Ⅰ) 656
（5）Moths over the Lamp(Ⅱ) 656
（6）A Butterfly 657
（7）Butterflies 657
（8）The Croak of Frogs 657
（9）A Frog 657
67．Sketches of Human Figures（各色人物的描写） 659
（1）My Grandmother(Ⅰ) 659
（2）My Grandmother(Ⅱ) 659
（3）My Grandmother(Ⅲ) 660
（4）Self-description 661
（5）My Generous Grandfather 661
（6）My Brother 662
（7）A Young Man 663
（8）The Lady 664
（9）An Old Lady 664
（10）A Talkative Person 665
（11）A Kind Person 665
（12）The Man I Respect Most 666
（13）An Outstanding Worker 667
（14）My Friend 668
（15）A Girl 668
（16）A Respectable Person 669
（17）A Biography 669
68．Comparing and Contrasting（对照比较） 671
（1）Similarities Between the Two Presidents 671
（2）Different Ways of Living 672
（3）Two Friends 672
（4）Two Girl Classmates 673
（5）My Parents 674
（6）My Two Brothers 674
（7）My Two Sisters 675
（8）A Winner and a Loser 676
（9）College and High School 676
（10）Secondary Education and College Education 677
（11）Spoken English and Written English 677
（12）The Sun and the Moon 678
（13）Arctic and Antarctic Regions 679
（14）Solar Energy and Coal 679
（15）Differences Between the Two Models 680
（16）The Elderly in the United States and Japan 681
（17）Differences Between Formal Letter and Informal Letter 682
（18）Similarities and Differences Between My High School and College Lives 682
（19）Different Social Customs Between Americans and Chinese 683
（20）A Comparison Between Two Kinds of Clothes 684
69．Procedure（操作程序） 685
（1）Making Bread 685
（2）How to Make Dumplings 685
（3）How to Make Hamburgers 687
（4）How to Take Photographs 687
（5）Change a Wheel 688
70．Writings Based on Tables,Graphs and Pictures（图表及图画说明） 690
（1）Area and Population of the Continents 690
（2）The Size of the United States 691
（3）Causes of Fires in China in 2001 692
（4）The Decline of Smallpox 693
（5）Film Is Giving Way to TV 694
（6）A Brief History of World Commercial Fishing 695
（7）Changes in People's Diet 696
（8）Average Monthly Rainfall in Country A and Country B 697
（9）The Families of Stars 698
（10）Students Enrollments 699
（11）How to Use Water Properly 700
（12）An Incident 702
（13）For a Second Kiss 703
（14）Sex Discrimination 704
（15）A Table Manner 705
（16）The Swallow 706
71．Letters（书信） 708
A．Private Letter（私人书信） 708
（1）A Letter to One's Parents 708
（2）A Letter to One's Teacher 709
（3）A Letter to One's Son 710
（4）A Letter to a Friend(Ⅰ) 711
（5）A Letter to a Friend(Ⅱ) 712
（6）A Letter to a Former Teacher 712
B．Social Letter（社交书信） 714
（1）A Letter of Congratulation 714
（2）A Letter of Thanks 714
（3）A Letter of Invitation to a Weekend House Party 715
（4）A Letter of Acceptance 716
（5）A Letter of Regret 716
C．Other Letters（其他书信） 717
（1）A Letter of Inquiry about Admission to an English Course 717
（2）A Letter of Application for Financial Aid 718
（3）A Letter of Application for a Place at the Graduate School of Physics 718
（4）A Letter of Application for a Job 719
（5）A Letter of Introduction 720
（6）A Letter of Recommendation 720
（7）A Letter of Self-recommendation 721
（8）An Application for a Scholarship 722
72．Practical Writings（应用文） 723
A．Note（便条） 723
（1）Asking for Sick Leave(Ⅰ) 723
（2）Asking for Sick Leave(Ⅱ) 723
（3）Asking for Business Leave(Ⅰ) 724
（4）Asking for Business Leave(Ⅱ) 724
B．Message（留言） 725
（1）Asking a Friend to Give a Ring 725
（2）Transmitting a Telephone Message 725
（3）Saying Good-bye 725
（4）Requesting to Borrow Something 726
（5）To Inform a Friend of Putting off a Meeting 726
C．Notice（启事） 726
（1）Lost 726
（2）A Wrist Watch Lost 727
（3）Found 727
（4）A Briefcase Found 727
（5）For Sale 727
（6）Needed 728
（7）Book Wanted 728
D．Poster（海报） 728
（1）Lecture 728
（2）Talk 728
（3）Basketball Match 729
（4）Women's Volleyball Match 729
（5）This Week's Film 730
E．Notice（通知） 730
（1）Notice of the President's Office 730
（2）Notice of the General Affairs Service 730
（3）Notice of the Library Office 730
（4）Notice of the English Department 731
（5）Notice of the Students Union 731
Appendixes（附录） 732
1．英语章段写作常用词语 732
2．英语写作常用过渡性词语及其实例 740
3．英语作文常用格言和引语 742