Introduction 9
Ⅰ．Congress,the Courts, 13
A．Judicial Review 13
B．Cases and Controversies 16
1．Finality 16
2．Advisory Opinions 17
3．Standing 19
4．Ripeness 31
5．Mootness 35
6．Political Questions 38
7．Administrative Questions 43
C．The Power of Congress to Regulate Federal Jurisdiction 44
1．The Power to Deny Jurisdic-tion 44
2．Legislative Courts 52
3．Article I Powers in Article Ⅲ Courts 57
Ⅱ．Federal-Question Cases 60
A．Identifying Federal-Question Cases 60
1．Constitutional Scope 60
2．Remote Federal Issues 63
3．The Well-Pleaded Complaint Rule 65
4．Incorporation of Federal or State Law 70
B．Supplemental Jurisdiction 75
Ⅲ．Admiralty 80
Ⅳ．Diversity Cases 88
A．Determining Citizenship 89
B．Complete Diversity 92
1．The General Rule 92
2．Interpleader 93
3．Supplemental Jurisdiction 96
C．Corporations and Associations 98
1．Associations as Citizens 98
2．Determining Corporate Citi-zenship 100
3．The Consequence of Multiple Citizenship 101
4．Derivative Suits 103
D．The Jurisdictional Amount 105
1．Determining the Amount in Controversy 105
2．Multiple Claims 108
Ⅴ．Miscellaneous Jurisdictional Issues 111
A．Raising Jurisdictional Questions 111
B．Exclusive Jurisdiction 112
C．State Courts and Federal Officers 113
D．Removal 115
E．The Obligation of State Courts to Provide A Forum 117
F．Venue and Service of Process 119
G．Forum Non Conveniens and Transfer 121
Ⅵ．The Law Applicable in Federal Courts 125
A．Erie 125
B．Substance and Procedure 127
C．The Federal Rules of Civil Proce-dure 130
D．The Choice Among Conflicting State Laws 131
E．The Federal Common Law 134
F．Federal Law in State Courts 139
G．Section 1983 140
H．Bivens 147
Ⅶ．Sovereign Immunity 151
A．The General Principle 151
B．Waiver 157
C．Suits Against Government Offi-cers 160
D．Official Immunity 166
E．Congressional and Presidential Immunities 169
Ⅷ．Abstention and Related Doctrines 173
A．Pullman 173
B．Certification 177
C．Burford and Alabama 178
D．Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies 179
E．Domestic Relations,Probate,and Pending Actions 181
F．Injunctions Against Suit 183
1．Section 2283 183
a．"Expressly Authorized" 184
b．"Necessary...in Aid of...Jurisdiction" 186
c．"To Protect or Effectuate its Judgments" 188
d．Implicit Exceptions and Proposals for Reform 188
2．Nonstatutory Limitations 190
3．State Injunctions Against Fed-eral Proceedings 195
Ⅸ．Appellate and Collateral Review 197
A．Supreme Court Review of State Judgments 197
1．Federal and State Questions 197
2．Adequate State Grounds 199
B．Miscellaneous Problems 206
1．Appeal,Certiorari,and Certifi-cation 206
2．The Final-Judgment Rule 207
C．Post-Conviction Review 214
1．The Issues Cognizable 214
2．The Impact of a Prior State-Court Decision 216
3．Procedural Defaults 220
4．Federal Prisonners 226
5．Military Prisoners 229
6．Custody,Prematurity,and Venue 233
7．Exhaustion of State Remedies 237
8．Other Post-Conviction Reme-dies 241