CONTENTS 1
1 Ethical Problems in Business 1
ACTUAL EXPERIENCES 2
Goldenberg Company 2
Tylenol Tampering 3
Sears' Auto Repair 4
General Motors vs. Volkswagen AG 5
Las Vegas Review-Journal 8
TYPES OF ISSUES 9
Bribery 10
Coercion 12
Deception 12
Theft 13
Unfair Discrimination 13
WHAT'S AHEAD 14
Discussion Questions 15
THE MACRO PERSPECTIVE 18
2 The Importance of Ethics in Business 18
Effect of Unethical Behavior from a Macro Perspective 20
Bribery 20
Coercive Acts 20
Deceptive Information 20
Theft 21
Unfair Discrimination 21
THE MICRO PERSPECTIVE-ETHICS AND TRUST 22
Trust in Supplier Relations 23
Trust in Customer Relations 24
Trust in Employee Relations 24
THE IMPORTANCE OF SOCIETY'S PERCEPTION 25
Johnson Johnson Revisited 25
Intel's Pentium Chip 26
Beech-Nut Nutrition Corporation 30
Manville Corporation 33
SUMMARY 37
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 38
3 Moral Standards 42
INTEGRATIVE SOCIAL CONTRACTS THEORY 43
Hypernorms 44
Macro Social Contract 45
Micro Social Contracts 45
CONSEQUENTIALIST PRINCIPLES 47
Egoism 47
Utilitarianism 48
Some Difficulties 49
NONCONSEQUENTIALIST PRINCIPLES 51
Rights Principles 51
Justice Principles 52
Distributive Justice 53
Retributive Justice 54
Compensatory Justice 55
SUMMARY 55
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 56
PERSONAL TRAITS 58
4 The Empirical Evidence 58
Personal VaLues 59
Stage of Moral Development 59
Demographics 61
ORGANIZATIONAL TRAITS 62
Stakeholders 63
Organizational Climate 63
Differential Association 64
Role-set Configuration 65
Ethical Climates 66
Organizational Goals 67
Policy 68
Culture 70
Ethnic Differences 70
Ethnic Similarities 71
DECISION PROCESSES 72
Management Problems 72
WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED 76
Different Solutions 76
Support for Ethics in Business 77
Enhancing Ethical Behavior 78
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 79
5 Ethics and Decision Making 86
PERSONAL TRAITS 87
Values 87
Types of Values 87
Personal Values Moderators 89
Stage of Moral Development 91
Moral Approbation 92
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE 94
Organizational Traits 95
Organizational Climate 95
Organizational Goals 97
Stakeholders 98
Management Problem 100
Decision Processes 100
Decision Alternatives 101
Decision Dimensions 102
Two-Stage Decision Process 104
DISCUSSION 106
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 107
6 Making Moral Decisions 110
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE 110
High-Performing Cultures Promote Ethical Behavior 112
ETHICS TOOLS 115
Decision Support Model 115
Overriding Factors 117
Decision Dimensions 118
CONCLUSION 121
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 121
7 Ethics in Practice 124
ETHICAL COMPANIES 124
The Boeing Company 124
Hewlett-Packard Company 127
Johnson Johnson 129
The Batting Average 132
THE ETHICS OF ACTIONS 132
Bribery 132
Coercion 135
Deception 137
Theft 140
Unfair Discrimination 142
FINAL COMMENTS 143
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 144
APPENDIX A UNITED STATES BILL OF RIGHTS 147
APPENDIX B UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS 149
CASES 155
Case One: Aer Lingus Holidays 155
Case Two: American Therapeutics Inc． 158
Case Three: Barings PLC 160
Case Four: Bata Industries Ltd． 163
Case Five: Chrysler-Disconnected Odometers 165
Case Six: ConAgra Inc． 169
Case Seven: First American Bank Of Georgia 171
Case Eight: Friedrich Flick Industrieverwaltung KGaA 173
Case Nine: Ing. C. Olivetti Co. S.p.A. 175
Case Ten: Joe Camel 177
Case Eleven: Kader Industrial (Thailand) Company 179
Case Twelve: Muebles Fino Buenos 181
Case Thirteen: Optifast 183
Case Fourteen: Pepsi-Cola Products Philippines Inc． 185
Case Fifteen: Phar-Mor Inc. 187
Case Sixteen: Pico Korea, Ltd. 190
Case Seventeen: Reindeer and Game Ltd.(Poro ja Riista Oy) 191
Case Eighteen: Tateho Chemical Industries Ltd． 193
Case Nineteen: WFI Corporation 195
Case Twenty：Zurich Insurance Company 197
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 198
INDEX 199