Contents 1
Part One:Fundamental Geology 1
Lesson One 1
Text The Earth(Ⅰ) 1
Word Building Word Composition 3
Exercises 4
Reading Material The Earth(Ⅱ) 6
Lesson Two 9
Text Common Minerals 9
Word Building Root(Ⅰ) 13
Exercises 14
Reading Material Minerals 16
Lesson Three 20
Text Sedimentary Rocks 20
Word Building Root(Ⅱ) 23
Exercises 24
Reading Material Igneous Rocks 26
Lesson Four 31
Text The Study of Fossils——Paleontology 31
Word Building Prefix(Ⅰ) 34
Exercises 35
Reading Materials A:Relation of Paleontology to Other Sciences 37
B:Fossils and Correlation 38
Lesson Five 40
Text The Geologic Time Scale 40
Word Building Prefix(Ⅱ) 44
Exercises 45
Reading Material Sequence Stratigraphy 47
Lesson Six 50
Text Faults 50
Word Building Suffix 52
Exercises 53
Reading Material Crustal Plates in Motion 55
Part Two:Coal Geology 58
Lesson Seven 58
Text Coal-Forming Environments 58
Translation Guide Criterion and Process 61
Exercises 63
Reading Material Application of Depositional Models 65
Lesson Eight 69
Text Coal Basins 69
Translation Guide Common Errors 72
Exercises 73
Reading Material Basin Analysis 75
Lesson Nine 79
Text Coal(Ⅰ) 79
Exercises 82
Reading Materials A:Coal(Ⅱ) 83
B:Coalification 86
Lesson Ten 90
Text Macerals of Coal 90
Exercises 92
Reading Materials A:Origin of Macerals and Coal Lithotypes 94
B:Minerals in Coal 97
Lesson Eleven 100
Text Drilling for Coal 100
Exercises 104
Reading Materials A:Map Compilation 105
B:Coalfield Exploration 107
Lesson Twelve 112
Text Geological Factors in Roof Behaviour 112
Exercises 115
Reading Materials A:Geology in Underground Mining 116
B:Outbursts of Rock,Coal and Gases 121
Part Three:HydrOgeOlOgy 125
Lesson Thirteen 125
Text The Hydrologic Cycle 125
Translation Guide Long Sentences Translation(Ⅰ) 127
Exercises 129
Reading Material Hydrology and Hydrogeology 130
Lesson Fourteen 133
Text Subsurface Water 133
Translation Guide Long Sentences Translation(Ⅱ) 136
Exercises 139
Reading Material How Water Enters the Earth 140
Lesson Fifteen 142
Text Types of Aquifers 142
Exercises 144
Reading Materials A:Wells and Springs 145
B:Artesian Wells,Hot Springs and Geysers 146
Lesson Sixteen 150
Text Ground Water Flow——Darcy s Law 150
Exercises 153
Reading Materials A:Recharge and Discharge Areas 154
B:Quality of Water 156
Lesson Seventeen 159
Text The Geologic Work of Ground Water 159
Exercises 161
Reading Materials A:Hydrogeology and Environment 162
B:Ground Water Exploration——Geological and 164
Hydrological Methods 164
Lesson Eighteen 167
Text Soil 167
Exercises 170
Reading Materials A:Mass Wasting 171
B:Geotechnical Investigations 174
Part Four:Applied Geophysics 176
Lesson Nineteen 176
Text Geophysics 176
Writing Guide Abstract Writing(Ⅰ) 178
Exercises 180
Reading Material Principles of Applied Geophysics 181
Lesson Twenty 184
Text Geoelectrical Methods 184
Writing Guide Abstract Writing(Ⅱ) 186
Exercises 188
Reading Material Electrical Resistivity and Electromagnetic Methods 190
Lesson Twenty-one 193
Text Seismic Methods 193
Exercises 195
Reading Materials A:Seismic Reflection 197
B:Seismic Field Operations 199
Lesson Twenty-two 201
Text Geophysical Well Logging 201
Exercises 203
Reading Materials A:The Method of Electrode Potentials(Eplog) 205
B:Nuclear Logging Methods 206
Lesson Twenty-three 209
Text Magnetic Methods 209
Exercises 211
Reading Materials A:Interpretation of Magnetic Anomalies 213
B:Field Measurement Procedures 215
Lesson Twenty-four 217
Text Gravity Anomalies 217
Exercises 219
Reading Materials A:Field Measurements and Their Processing 221
B:Interpretation of Gravimetric Observations 222
Vocabulary 225