Part Ⅰ EDUCATION AND SOCIETY 1
Unit 1 Educational History 3
Reading Ⅰ China's Educational Traditions 3
Reading Ⅱ Core Values of the Chinese Academy 10
Unit 2 Educational Philosophy 21
Reading Ⅰ Epistemology—How do We Know? 21
Reading Ⅱ Metaphors for Teaching 27
Unit 3 Comparative and Higher Education 33
Reading Ⅰ The Purposes of Comparative Study of Education 33
Reading Ⅱ The Importance of General Education 41
Part Ⅱ SCHOOLING 49
Unit 4 School Education 51
Reading Ⅰ Aims of Education 51
Reading Ⅱ Kinds of Curricula 55
Reading Ⅲ Perspectives on Technology in Schools 61
Unit 5 Reforms of Schooling 67
Reading Ⅰ Gender 67
Reading Ⅱ The Full-Inclusion Debate 71
Reading Ⅲ The Effects of Cultural Differences on Learning 76
Part Ⅲ EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 83
Unit 6 Intelligence 85
Reading Ⅰ Emotional Intelligence 85
Reading Ⅱ Sternberg's Definition of Intelligence 91
Unit 7 Cooperative Learning 97
Reading Ⅰ Why does Cooperative Learning Affect Student Achievement? 97
Reading Ⅱ Outcomes of Cooperation 103
Reading Ⅲ Essential Features of Cooperative Learning 110
Unit 8 Learning Styles,Domains,and Non-Intelligence Factors 117
Reading Ⅰ Learning Style:Field Dependence Versus Field Independence 117
Reading Ⅱ The Cognitive Domain 123
Reading Ⅲ Promoting Positive Self-Concept and Self-Esteem 129
Part Ⅳ CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION 135
Unit 9 Direct and Indirect Instruction 137
Reading Ⅰ Comparison of Direct and Indirect Instruction 137
Reading Ⅱ Conceptual Movement:Induction and Deduction 142
Unit 10 Differentiated Instruction 148
Reading Ⅰ What Is"Differentiated Instruction"? 148
Reading Ⅱ Why Differentiate Instruction? 153
Reading Ⅲ Key Principles of Differentiated Instruction 160
Unit 11 Instructional Strategies 168
Reading Ⅰ Problem-Solving Strategies 168
Reading Ⅱ Questioning for Depth 174
Reading Ⅲ Scaffolding Techniques 180
Part Ⅴ ENGLISH TEACHING AND LEARNING 185
Unit 12 Language and Language Acquisition 187
Reading Ⅰ The Stages of Second Language Acquisition 187
Reading Ⅱ Language Acquisition Theory and the Classroom Teacher 195
Unit 13 Development of Language Skills 202
Reading Ⅰ Strategies for Language Development 202
Reading Ⅱ Reading Is an Interactive and Strategic Process 207
Unit 14 Innovations in English Teaching 212
Reading Ⅰ The Principles of English Medium Teaching 212
Reading Ⅱ Phonics:What We Know from Research and Practice 217
Unit 15 The Communicative Classroom 222
Reading Ⅰ Characteristics of Communicative Approach 222
Reading Ⅱ Teaching by Principles—Cognitive Principles 228
Part Ⅵ ASSESSMENT AND TESTING 241
Unit 16 Assessment 243
Reading Ⅰ What Is Assessment? 243
Reading Ⅱ Assessing,Testing and Teaching 248
Part Ⅶ CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT 255
Unit 17 Establishing an Effective Classroom Climate 257
Reading Ⅰ Low-Profile Classroom Management 257
Reading Ⅱ Developing Effective Classroom Groups 265
Part Ⅷ BEING AN EFFECTIVE AND REFLECTIVE TEACHER 273
Unit 18 Being an Effective Teacher 275
Reading Ⅰ The Role of the Teacher 275
Reading Ⅱ Effective Teaching 280
Unit 19 Being a Reflective Teacher 287
Reading Ⅰ Reflection 287
Reading Ⅱ Making Action Research a Part of Daily Teaching Practices 292
Part Ⅸ TEACHER'S PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT 299
Unit 20 Why and How to Develop Professionally 301
Reading Ⅰ Reasons for Pursuing Professional Development 301
Reading Ⅱ Knowledge Is Constructedby Learners 306
Keys to the Exercises 313