1 Introduction 1
2 Collecting samples of learner language 15
3 Error Analysis 51
4 Obligatory occasion analysis 73
5 Frequency analysis 93
6 Functional analysis 111
7 Analysing accuracy,complexity,and fluency 139
8 Interactional analysis 165
9 Conversation analysis 197
10 Sociocultural methods of analysis 229
11 Coding data qualitatively 253
12 Critical approaches to analysing learner language 277
13 Metaphor analysis 313
14 Computer-based analyses of learner language by Michael Barlow 335
15 Conclusion 359
Bibliography 371
Index 397