Chapter 1 Ancient Greece:Fountainhead of Western Culture 1
1.1 Homer's Epics 1
1.2 The Polis 4
1.3 Religion 6
1.4 Philosophy 10
1.5 Classical Philosophers 12
1.6 History 15
1.7 Poetry and Drama 16
1.8 The Heritage of the Greeks 19
Chapter 2 Ancient Rome:Pragmatic Rationality 20
2.1 Roman Law 20
2.2 Literature and Art 21
2.3 The Heritage of the Romans 24
Chapter 3 The Middle Ages:Duty of Conscience 25
3.1 The Rise of Christianity 25
3.2 Patristic Writers 29
3.3 Thomas Aquinas 35
Chapter 4 The Renaissance:Human Life in This World 38
4.1 The Italian Renaissance 38
4.2 The Northern European Renaissance 54
4.4 The Heritage of the Renaissance 57
Chapter 5 The Reformation:Split Within Western Christendom 62
5.1 Martin Luther 62
5.2 John Calvin 65
5.3 The Heritage of the Reformation 67
Chapter 6 Scientific Revolution:New Conception of the Universe 68
6.1 The Rise of Modern Science 68
6.2 Rationalism and Empiricism 74
6.3 New Political Theory 80
6.4 The Heritage of Seventeenth-century Culture 85
Chapter 7 The Enlightenment:Power of Reason 88
7.1 The Nature of the Enlightenment 88
7.2 Philosophy and Theology 91
7.3 Social Criticism 98
7.4 Emotion and Unreason 112
7.5 The Heritage of the Enlightenment 116
Chapter 8 The French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution:Political and Economic Transformation 119
8.1 The French Revolution 119
8.2 The Heritage of the French Revolution 120
8.3 The Industrial Revolution 123
8.4 The Impact of the Industrial Revolution 124
Chapter 9 Romanticism:Fresh Insight into Human Experience 128
9.1 The Romantic Movement 128
9.2 Romantic Literature 133
9.3 The Romantic Social and Political Thought 146
9.4 The Heritage of Romanticism 158
Chapter 10 Socialism:Faith in Human Progress 162
10.1 Science and Technology 162
10.2 Social Sciences 167
10.3 Marxism 170
10.4 Darwinism 174
10.5 The Middle-class Moral Attitudes 183
10.6 The Heritage of Socialism 186
Chapter 11 Psychoanalysis:Discovering Man's Inner World 188
11.1 Philosophy 188
11.2 Social Sciences 194
11.3 Freudian Psychology 199
11.4 Natural Sciences 202
11.5 The Heritage of Fin de Si6cle Culture 204
Chapter 12 Contemporary Western World:Seeking a Meaningful Existence 209
12.1 The Legacy of War and Revolution 209
12.2 Natural Sciences 211
12.3 Social and Behavioral Sciences 218
12.4 Philosophy and Theology 228
12.5 The Heritage of the Twentieth Century 234
References 238
Index 240