Learning Theories 2
Unit 1 Language Learning 2
A．The Concept of Learning 2
B．Theories of Learning—Two Polarized Views of Human Learning 3
C．Language Learning 4
D．Summary 13
Unit 2 Focusing on the Learner 16
A．Affective Factors 16
B．Cognitive Factors 22
C．Other Personality Traits 23
D．Summary 24
Unit 3 Learner Autonomy 26
A．Learner Autonomy Defined 26
B．Reasons for Learner Autonomy 27
C．Ways of Promoting Learner Autonomy 29
D．Summary 36
Unit 4 Learning Styles and Strategies 38
A．Learning Styles 38
B．Learning Strategies 43
C．Good Language Learning Strategies 46
D．Approaches to Cultivating Learning Strategies 48
E．Summary 49
Skills and Knowledge 54
Unit 5 Learning to Listen 54
A．Listening Skills 54
B．Listening and Other Skills 60
C．Problems in Listening 62
D．Summary 62
Unit 6 Learning to Read 66
A．Reasons for Improving Reading Efficiency 66
B．Improving Reading Speed 66
C．Improving Reading Comprehension 71
D．Reading Differently for Different Purposes 78
E．Summary 79
Unit 7 Learning to Speak 81
A．Language Input 81
B．Language Output 83
C．Common Incorrect Practice 90
D．Summary 90
Unit 8 Learning to Write 92
A．Choosing Words 92
B．Writing Sentences 94
C．ParagraphComposition Writing 98
D．Mechanics 101
E．Other Related Skills 102
F．Summary 104
Unit 9 Learning Pronunciation 106
A．Basic Aspects of Pronunciation 106
B．Other Related Skills 113
C．Summary 116
Unit 10 Learning Vocabulary 120
A．Vocabulary knowledge 120
B．Vocabulary Building—Forms 122
C．Vocabulary Development—Meaning 123
D．Vocabulary Storage 127
E．Summary 133
Unit 11 Learning Grammar 136
A．Grammar Defined 136
B．Guidelines of Grammar Learning 136
C．Points for Attention in L2 Grammar Learning 138
D．Strategies of Grammar Learning 142
E．Summary 146
Unit 12 Learning Culture 148
A．Defining Culture 148
B．Learning Culture Through Language 150
C．Learning Culture Through People and Places 155
D．Increasing Cultural Awareness 160
E．Summary 163
Lecture Paper Examination 168
Unit 13 Attending Lectures 168
A．Reasons for Attending Lectures 168
B．Getting to Know Your Class 170
C．Taking Notes from a Lecture 172
D．Taking Part in Seminars 182
E．Summary 185
Unit 14 Taking Exams 189
A．Reasons for Having Exams 189
B．Preparing for Exams 189
C．Taking the Exam Successfully 195
D．Learning from the Exam 201
E．Summary 202
Unit 15 Writing Papers 206
A．Defining the Research Paper 206
B．Planning 209
C．Drafting 214
D．Documenting 218
E．Revising 224
F．Summary 225
Using Resources 228
Unit 16 Using the Library 228
A．Getting Familiar with the Library 228
B．Starting with the Bibliography 228
C．Finding Books 233
D．Evaluating the Research Material 239
E．Taking Research Notes 240
F．Summary 242
Unit 17 Using Dictionaries 245
A．Reasons for Using Dictionaries 245
B．Types of Dictionaries 246
C．Selection of Dictionaries 253
D．Recommendable General Purpose Dictionaries 255
E．Summary 262
Unit 18 Using the Internet 265
A．The Internet and Its Use 265
B．Using the Internet to Learn English 266
C．Using the Internet to Do Research 270
D．Summary 274
术语英汉对照表 281