Part 1 Fundamentals of Computers 1
Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers 1
1.1 What Is a Computer? 1
1.2 Getting Started with Your Computer 2
1.2.1 System Unit 2
1.2.2 Storage Devices 2
1.2.3 Monitor 3
1.2.4 Mouse 4
1.2.5 Keyboard 4
1.2.6 Printer 4
1.3 Getting Started with Software 5
1.3.1 Components of Windows Desktop 5
1.3.2 Windows So ftware Controls 6
New Words and Phrases 7
Computer Terms 7
Grammar 8
Exercises 9
Reading Material 9
Reference Translation 11
Chapter 2 Computer System Basics 17
2.1 The Von Neumann Model of the PC 17
2.2 CPU 17
2.3 Memory vs.Storage 18
2.4 Input and Output 18
2.5 Computer Bus 19
2.6 Computer Networks 20
New Words and Phrases 21
Computer Terms 21
Grammar 21
Exercises 22
Reading Material 22
Reference Translation 23
Chapter 3 Data,Information and Files 27
3.1 Data and Computers 27
3.2 Analog and Digital Information 27
3.3 Computer Files 28
3.3.1 File Types 28
3.3.2 Directories 29
3.3.3 File Path 30
New Words and Phrases 30
Computer Terms 30
Grammar 31
Exercises 31
Reading Material 32
Reference Translation 33
Chapter 4 A Look Inside the Computer Case 37
4.1 Integrated Circuits 37
4.2 The Motherboard 38
4.2.1 CPU 38
4.2.2 RAM Chios 39
4.2.3 Expansion Slot/Card 39
4.2.4 BIOS Chip 40
4.3 Storage Drives 41
4.4 Power Supply Unit 41
New Words and Phrases 42
Computer Terms 42
Grammar 42
Exercises 44
Reading Material 44
Reference Translation 45
Part 2 Computers Software 50
Chapter 5 Data and Its Represen-tation 50
5.1 Types of Data 50
5.2 Data inside the Computer 50
5.3 Representing Data 51
5.3.1 Representing Text 51
5.3.2 Representing Numbers 51
5.3.3 Representing Images 52
5.3.4 Representing Sound 54
5.3.5 Representing Video 54
New Words and Phrases 55
Computer Terms 55
Grammar 55
Exercises 57
Reading Material 57
Reference Translation 58
Chapter 6 Computer Software Basics 63
6.1 Computer Programs 63
6.2 Computer Software and Categories 64
6.2.1 System Software 64
6.2.2 Application Software 64
6.3 Software Piracy 64
New Words and Phrases 66
Computer Terms 67
Grammar 67
Exercises 69
Reading Material 70
Reference Translation 70
Chapter 7 System Software 74
7.1 System Software and Its Components 74
7.2 Operating System 74
7.2.1 Basics of Operating System 75
7.2.2 Types of Operating System 75
7.3 Utilities 76
7.4 Device Drivers 76
7.5 Language Translators 77
New Words and Phrases 77
Computer Terms 77
Grammar 77
Exercises 79
Reading Material 80
Reference Translation 80
Chapter 8 Common Operating Systems 84
8.1 Microsoft DOS and Windows 84
8.2 Mac OS 86
8.3 UNIX and Linux 86
8.4 Mobile Operating Systems 87
New Words and Phrases 88
Computer Terms 88
Grammar 89
Exercises 90
Reading Material 90
Reference Translation 91
Chapter 9 Application Software 96
9.1 Business Application Software 96
9.2 Communications Application Software 97
9.3 Multimedia Application Software 97
9.4 Education and Training Software 99
9.5 All the Other Ware Terminology 100
New Words and Phrases 101
Computer Terms 101
Grammar 101
Exercises 102
Reading Material 103
Reference Translation 104
Chapter 10 Computer Program-ming 109
10.1 Building a Program 109
10.2 Algorithm 109
10.2.1 What is an Algorithm? 109
10.2.2 Algorithm Representation 110
10.3 Three Constructs 111
10.4 Programming Language 112
10.4.1 Low-level Language 112
10.4.2 High-level Language 113
10.5 Structured Programming and Object-oriented Programming 113
New Words and Phrases 113
Computer Terms 114
Grammar 114
Exercises 116
Reading Material 116
Reference Translation 117
Part 3 Computer Application 122
Chapter 11 Data Commu-nication 122
11.1 Data Communication 122
11.2 Communications Channels 122
11.3 Communication Media 123
11.3.1 Twisted Pair Wire 124
11.3.2 Coaxial Cable 124
11.3.3 Fiber Optic Cable 125
11.3.4 Wireless Media 125
New Words and Phrases 126
Computer Terms 126
Grammar 126
Exercises 128
Reading Material 128
Reference Translation 129
Chapter 12 Computer Networks 133
12.1 Evolution of Computer Networks 133
12.2 Protocol 134
12.3 Topology 134
12.3.1 Types of Physical Topology 134
12.3.2 Types of Logical Topology 136
12.4 Network Operating System 137
New Words and Phrases 137
Computer Terms 138
Grammar 138
Exercises 140
Reading Material 141
Reference Translation 142
Chapter 13 Internet and WWW 146
13.1 The Origin ofthe Internet 146
13.2 TCP/IP 147
13.3 ISP 148
13.4 Intemet Address and Domain Name 148
13.5 Worid Wide Web（WWW） 149
New Words and Phrases 150
Computer Terms 150
Grammar 150
Exercises 151
Reading Material 152
Reference Translation 152
Chapter 14 Data Security 156
14.1 What Can Go Wrong? 156
14.1.1 Operator Error 156
14.1.2 Power Failures,Spikes and Surges 157
14.1.3 Hardware Failure 157
14.2 Viruses 158
14.2.1 Types of Computer Viruses 158
14.2.2 Worms and Trojan Horses 160
14.3 Protecting Yourself 160
New Words and Phrases 161
Computer Terms 161
Grammar 162
Exercises 163
Reading Material 163
Reference Translation 164
Chapter 15 Data Compression 169
15.1 What Is Data Compression? 169
15.2 Lossless Compression and Lossy Compression 169
15.3 Text Compression 170
15.4 Image Compression 171
15.5 Video ＆ Audio Compression 172
New Words and Phrases 173
Computer Terms 173
Grammar 173
Exercises 175
Reading Material 175
Reference Translation 176
Chapter 16 Artificial Intelligence 180
16.1 Artificial Intelligence and Turing Test 180
16.2 Branches of AI 181
16.3 Applications of AI 183
New Words and Phrases 184
Computer Terms 185
Granunar 185
Exercises 186
Reading Material 187
Reference Translation 188
Appendix Key to Exercises 193