Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 Figures of Speech in English 5
2.1 Figures of speech as techniques of figurative language in communication 5
2.2 Definition of figure of speech 6
2.3 History and etymology of the term"figure" 6
2.4 Functions of figures of speech 7
2.5 Classification of figures of speech 8
Chapter 3 Figures of Amplification 11
3.1 Adynaton 12
3.1.1 Introduction 12
3.1.2 Definition 13
3.1.3 Functions of adynaton 14
3.1.4 Examples and illustrations 14
3.1.5 Discussion and summary 17
3.2 Ampliatio 19
3.2.1 Definition 19
3.2.2 Examples and illustrations 19
3.2.3 Discussion 20
3.3 Amplificatio 20
3.3.1 Definition 20
3.3.2 Examples and illustrations 21
3.3.3 Discussion and summary 23
3.4 Anabasis 24
3.4.1 Definition 24
3.4.2 Examples 24
3.4.3 Discussion 25
3.5 Auxesis 25
3.5.1 Definition 25
3.5.2 Examples and illustrations 25
3.5.3 Functions of auxesis 28
3.5.4 Discussion and summary 29
3.6 Bdelygmia 29
3.6.1 Definition 29
3.6.2 Use of bdelygmia 30
3.6.3 Examples and illustrations 31
3.6.4 Discussion and summary 34
3.7 Climax 34
3.7.1 Definition 34
3.7.2 Examples and illustrations 35
3.7.3 Discussion and Summary 40
3.8 Correctio 40
3.8.1 Defnition 40
3.8.2 Use of correctio 41
3.8.3 Examples 41
3.8.4 Discussion and summary 43
3.9 Distinctio 43
3.9.1 Definition 43
3.9.2 Use of distinctio 44
3.9.3 Examples and illustrations 45
3.9.4 Discussion and summary 51
3.10 Dysphemism 52
3.10.1 Definition 52
3.10.2 Use of dysphemism 53
3.10.3 Examples and illustrations 54
3.10.4 Discussion and summary 56
3.11 Dystmesis 58
3.11.1 Definition 58
3.11.2 Examples 58
3.11.3 Discussion and summary 58
3.12 Enumeratio 59
3.12.1 Introduction 59
3.12.2 Definition 60
3.12.3 Functions of enumeratio 60
3.12.4 Examples and illustrations 60
3.12.5 Discussion and summary 64
3.13 Epanorthosis 65
3.13.1 Introduction 65
3.13.2 Definition 65
3.13.3 Use of epanorthosis 65
3.13.4 Examples and illustrations 66
3.13.5 Discussion and summary 69
3.14 Epizeuxis 70
3.14.1 Definition 70
3.14.2 Use of epizeuxis 70
3.14.3 Examples and illustrations 71
3.14.4 Discussion and conclusion 76
3.15 Hyperbole 78
3.15.1 Introduction 78
3.15.2 Definition 80
3.15.3 Terminological clarification 81
3.15.4 Realizations of hyperbole 82
3.15.5 Discussion and summary 86
3.16 Parrhesia 89
3.16.1 Introduction 89
3.16.2 Definition 90
3.16.3 Use of parrhesia 91
3.16.4 Examples and illustrations 93
3.16.5 Requirements for parrhesia 96
3.16.6 Discussion and summary 98
3.17 Synonymia 100
3.17.1 Definition 100
3.17.2 Use of synonymia 100
3.17.3 Examples and illustrations 102
3.17.4 Discussion and summary 103
3.18 Tricolon 103
3.18.1 Definition 103
3.18.2 Types of tricolon 104
3.18.3 Examples and illustrations 104
3.18.4 The tricolonic joke 110
3.18.5 Discussion and summary 111
Chapter 4 Figures of Distortion 112
4.1 Amphibology/Amphiboly 113
4.1.1 Introduction 113
4.1.2 Definition 114
4.1.3 Examples and illustrations 115
4.1.4 Use and characteristics of amphibology/amphiboly 120
4.1.5 Amphiboly fallacy 122
4.1.6 Discussion and summary 124
4.2 Anacoluthon 124
4.2.1 Introduction 124
4.2.2 Definition 125
4.2.3 Use of the term 126
4.2.4 Use of anacoluthon 126
4.2.5 Functions of anacoluthon 128
4.2.6 Examples and illustrations 129
4.2.7 Discussion and summary 133
4.3 Antisthecon 135
4.3.1 Definition 135
4.3.2 Use of antisthecon 135
4.3.3 Examples and illustrations 135
4.3.4 Discussion and summary 137
4.4 Apocope 137
4.4.1 Introduction 137
4.4.2 Definition 137
4.4.3 Examples and illustrations 138
4.4.4 Discussion and summary 139
4.5 Aphaeresis 140
4.5.1 Definition 140
4.5.2 Examples and illustrations 140
4.5.3 Discussion and summary 141
4.6 Aureation 142
4.6.1 Definition 142
4.6.2 Examples and illustrations 142
4.6.3 Discussion and summary 144
4.7 Cacophony 145
4.7.1 Definition 145
4.7.2 Use of cacophony 146
4.7.3 Examples and illustrations 147
4.7.4 Discussion and summary 149
4.8 Catachresis 150
4.8.1 Definition 150
4.8.2 Use of catachresis 151
4.8.3 Forms of catachresis 152
4.8.4 Examples and illustrations 153
4.8.5 Discussion and summary 159
4.9 Enallage 161
4.9.1 Introduction 161
4.9.2 Definition 161
4.9.3 Use of enallage 162
4.9.4 Examples and illustrations 163
4.9.5 Discussion and summary 164
4.10 Epenthesis 166
4.10.1 Introduction 166
4.10.2 Definition 167
4.10.3 Use of epenthesis 167
4.10.4 Examples and illustrations 169
4.10.5 Summary 170
4.11 Malapropism 172
4.11.1 Etymological information 172
4.11.2 Definition 173
4.11.3 Features of malapropism 173
4.11.4 Use of malapropism 175
4.11.5 Examples and illustrations 177
4.11.6 Discussion and summary 189
4.12 Merism 191
4.12.1 Definition 191
4.12.2 Use of merism 192
4.12.3 Examples and illustrations 193
4.12.4 Discussion and summary 195
4.13 Metathesis 196
4.13.1 Introduction 196
4.13.2 Definition 196
4.13.3 Use of metathesis 197
4.13.4 Examples and illustrations 199
4.13.5 Discussions and summary 200
4.14 Metaplasmus 202
4.14.1 Introduction 202
4.14.2 Definition 202
4.14.3 Kinds of metaplasmus 203
4.14.4 Use of metaplasmus 205
4.14.5 Examples and illustrations 207
4.14.6 Discussion and summary 208
4.15 Parisology 209
4.15.1 Introduction 209
4.15.2 Definition 209
4.15.3 Examples and illustrations 210
4.15.4 Discussion and summary 213
4.16 Perissologia 214
4.16.1 Definition 214
4.16.2 Examples and illustrations 214
4.16.3 Discussion and summary 216
4.17 Proparalepsis 217
4.17.1 Definition 217
4.17.2 Use of proparalepsis 218
4.17.3 Examples and illustrations 218
4.18 Prosthesis 218
4.18.1 Defnition 218
4.18.2 Examples and illustrations 219
4.18.3 Discussion and summary 220
4.19 Synaloepha 220
4.19.1 Definition 220
4.19.2 Examples and illustrations 220
4.20 Syncope 221
4.20.1 Definition 221
4.20.2 Use of syncope 222
4.20.3 Examples and illustrations 222
4.20.4 Discussion and summary 223
4.21 Tapinosis 224
4.21.1 Definition 224
4.21.2 Examples and illustrations 224
4.21.3 Discussion and summary 226
4.22 Tmesis 227
4.22.1 Definition 227
4.22.2 Examples and illustrations 227
4.22.3 Formation and functions of tmesis 232
4.22.4 Discussion and summary 233
Chapter 5 Conclusion 235
APPENDIX 238
References 240