Division Ⅰ Greek and Roman Culture 1
Chapter 1 Ancient Greece 7
1．Greek Mythology 7
2．The Trojan War 11
3．Homer's Epic 17
4．Greek Philosophy 19
5．Greek Drama 26
6．Greek Sculpture and Architecture 31
Questions for Discussion 33
Chapter 2 Ancient Rome 34
1．Founding Myths 35
2．The Domain of Ancient Rome 36
3．Significant Figures and Events 39
4．Roman Literature 46
5．Religion and Philosophy 49
6．Roman Law and Constitution 54
7．Roman Art 56
Questions for Discussion 60
Division Ⅱ The Middle Ages 61
Chapter 1 Christianity 65
1．Introduction 65
2．The Origin and Development of Christianity 68
3．Doctrines of Christianity 71
4．The Old Testament and the New Testament 76
5．Stories of the Bible 79
Questions for Discussion 92
Chapter 2 Byzantium 93
1．History 93
2．Religion in Byzantium 96
3．Byzantine Literature 99
4．Architecture of Byzantium 100
Questions for Discussion 101
Chapter 3 The Middle Ages 102
1．History of the Middle Ages 102
2．Feudalism 104
3．Castle 105
4．Birth of Chivalry 107
5．The Crusades 109
6．The Black Death 111
7．Medieval Painting and Architecture 112
8．Medieval Literature 113
Questions for Discussion 117
Division Ⅲ Modern Times 119
Chapter 1 Renaissance 130
1．Defining the Era 130
2．Renaissance Literature 135
3．Renaissance Philosophy 143
4．Renaissance Art 145
5．Renaissance Science 151
6．Renaissance Citizen Life 153
7．Renaissance Women 154
8．Geography and the New World 155
9．Influence of Renaissance 155
Questions for Discussion 156
Chapter 2 Europe of the Seventeenth Century 157
1．The Dutch Golden Age 158
2．The Baroque Period 161
3．France:Absolutism 166
4．England:The Civil War 174
5．Philosophy 183
6．Scientific Revolution 187
Questions for Discussion 190
Chapter 3 The Age of Enlightenment 191
1．The Background 191
2．Literature during the Enlightenment Era 192
3．Philosophy during the Enlightenment Era 203
4．Arts in the Enlightenment Era 210
Questions for Discussions 215
Chapter 4 Romanticism 216
1．Introduction 216
2．Historical Background 217
3．Origins and Inspiration 221
4．The Great Romantic Themes 223
5．Romanticism in Different Countries 227
6．Romanticism in Literature 234
7．Romanticism in Visual Arts 242
8．Romanticism in Music 243
9．Romanticism outside the Arts 246
Questions for Discussion 247
Chapter 5 Realism 250
1．Background of Realism 250
2．The Connotation of Realism 251
3．Realism in Literature 253
4．Realism in Arts 268
Questions for Discussion 274
Chapter 6 Modernism 275
1．Background 275
2．The Connotation of Modernism 282
3．Various Schools in Modern Art 283
4．Modernist Literature 283
5．Modernist Painting 299
6．Modernist Architecture 304
Questions for Discussion 306