Chapter 1 Becoming a Public Speaker 1
1.1 Learning to Speak in Public 1
1.2 Why Study Public Speaking 3
1.3 Definitions of Communication 4
1.4 Levels of Communication 5
1.5 Elements of Communication 9
1.6 Improving Your Confidence 13
1.7 Understanding Communicator Anxiety 18
Chapter 2 Development 26
2.1 Audience Analysis 26
2.2 Selecting a Topic and Purpose 32
2.3 Developing Supporting Material 41
2.4 Sources of Information 47
2.5 Types of Data 48
2.6 Citing Sources in Your Speech 49
Chapter 3 Outlining Your Speech 50
3.1 Hit the Target 51
3.2 Speech Body Parts 51
3.3 Using Your Research 52
3.4 Outlining from Your Notes 53
3.5 Conclusion 55
3.6 Sample Student Outlines 55
Chapter 4 Developing an Introduction 65
4.1 Tips for a Successful Introduction 65
4.2 Goals for the Introduction 66
4.3 Techniques That Get Attention 68
4.4 What to Accomplish in the Introduction 73
Chapter 5 Organizing the Speech Body 76
5.1 Selecting Your Main Points 76
5.2 Use Supporting Points to Demonstrate Your Claims 77
5.3 Pay Close Attention to Coordination and Subordination 78
5.4 Strive for a Unified， Coherent， and Balanced Organization 79
5.5 Use Transitions to Give Direction to the Speech 80
5.6 Organizing Your Main Ideas 81
5.7 Acknowledging Cultural Differences in Organization 89
5.8 Writing and Rewriting 89
5.9 Writing for Speaking， Not Reading 91
Chapter 6 Developing a Powerful Conclusion 93
6.1 Purposes of a Conclusion 93
6.2 Avoid Conclusion Pitfalls 94
6.3 Conclusion Techniques 95
6.4 Sample Conclusions 98
6.5 Summary 99
Chapter 7 Methods of Delivery 101
7.1 Importance of Delivery 102
7.2 Impromptu 105
7.3 Manuscript 106
7.4 Memorized 107
7.5 Extemporaneous 108
Chapter 8 Nonverbal Communication 110
8.1 Elements of Nonverbal Communication 110
8.2 Determining Nonverbal Cues 115
8.3 Top Ten Negative Nonverbal Cues 116
8.4 A Final Word on Nonverbal Communication 118
Chapter 9 Verbal Communication 120
9.1 Using Your Voice 124
9.2 Using Language Successfully 127
9.3 Adapting and Delivering Your Speech 139
Chapter 10 Presentation Aids 142
10.1 Objects 142
10.2 Maps，Charts and Graphs 143
10.3 Blackboards and Whiteboards 144
10.4 Pictures 145
10.5 Using a Computer 146
10.6 Creating Great Slides 148
10.7 Overheads 149
10.8 Using Notes 150
10.9 Handouts 153
10.10 A Brief Guide to Microsoft PowerPoint 154
10.11 Videotapes， DVDs， Audiotapes， and MP3s 155
10.12 The Cardinal Rules for Visual Aids 155
Chapter 11 Speeches on Special Occasions 157
11.1 Ceremonial Speeches 158
11.2 Working and Speaking in Small Groups 167
Chapter 12 Types of Speech 173
12.1 Informative Speech 173
12.2 Persuasive Speech 182
Chapter 13 Lessons from the Greatest Speeches in History 188
13.1 Lecture 1 Speaking to Make a Difference by Bill Gates 189
13.2 Lecture 2 from Steve Jobs 192
13.3 The Education of an American by Arnold Schwarzenegger 195
13.4 President Obama Speaks at a Memorial Service for Nelson Mandela 198
Chapter 14 Speech Contests in China 204
14.1 “外研社杯”全国英语演讲比赛 204
14.2 “21世纪杯”全国英语演讲比赛 211
Reference 222