Introduction 1
H.G guidelines for hip joint repair in the novel therapy for AVN ofthe femoral head 1
Rehabilitation guidelines in the novel therapy for AVN ofthe femoral head 3
Treatment strategies in the novel therapy for AVN ofthe femoral head 3
Characteristics of the novel therapy for AVN of the femoral head 4
Indications of the novel therapy for AVN of the femoral head 5
Chapter 1 Chinese Medical Theory behind the Novel Therapy for Avascular Necrosis(AVN)of the Femoral Head 6
Essential theory in Chinese medicine 6
Re-understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of AVN of the femoral head 9
Repair theory 9
Six major treatment methods 10
Syndrome identification and disease differentiation 11
Chapter 2 Technical Points of the Novel Therapy for Avascular Necrosis(AVN)of the Femoral Head 16
Characteristic symptoms of the AVN of the femoral head 17
Contents of the novel therapy for AVN of the femoral head 17
Mechanism of the novel therapy for AVN of the femoral head 18
Classification principle for AVN of the femoral head 18
Diagnosis of AVN of the femoral head 19
Treatment of AVN of the femoral head in adults 19
Dynamic modeling mechanism of the hip joint 20
Rehabilitation concept in AVN of the femoral head 20
New perspectives 21
Chapter 3 Subtypes of the AVN of the Femoral Head 22
Osteolytic AVN of the femoral head 22
Disintegrated AVN of the femoral head 23
Sclerotic AVN of the femoral head 23
Hypertrophic AVN of the femoral head 23
Rigid AVN of the femoral head 24
AVN of the femoral head with structural variation 24
Chapter 4 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of AVN of the Femoral Head 26
Diagnostic criteria 26
Staging of the AVN of the femoral head 27
Treatment protocol 27
Evaluation criteria for therapeutic efficacy 28
Chapter 5 Inpatient Admission Criteria and Therapeutic Efficacy Evaluation Criteria for AVN of the Femoral Head 29
Inpatient admission criteria for AVN of the femoral head 29
Therapeutic efficacy evaluation criteria for AVN of the femoral head 29
Chapter 6 Therapeutic Efficacy Analysis on AVN of the Femoral Head in Different Stages 31
Conditions and requirements for therapeutic efficacy analysis in different stages 31
Therapeutic efficacy analysis after the 1st and 2nd courses(3 months for 1 course) 32
Therapeutic efficacy analysis after the 3rd and 4th courses 32
Therapeutic efficacy analysis after the 5th and 6th courses 33
Therapeutic efficacy analysis after the 7th and 8th courses 33
Therapeutic efficacy analysis after the 9th and 10th courses 34
Chapter 7 Quantitative Criteria for Repair and Reconstruction of AVN of the Femoral Head 35
Repair and functional reconstruction quantitative criteria for AVN of the femoral head 35
Quantitative observation on noninvasive repair and functional reconstruction of AVN of the femoral head 35
Chapter 8 Glossary and Definition of Terms for AVN of the Femoral Head 38
Glossary 38
Definition of some terms 43
Chapter 9 HC-5 Treatment Device for AVN of the Femoral Head 49
Section 1 Application area and technical performance and level 49
Application area 49
Technical performance 50
Technical level 51
Section 2 Technical criteria 52
Design specification 52
Principal parameters 52
Test methods 54
Safety standard 56
Section 3 Method of operation 57
Panel board:names and functions 57
Operating procedures 59
Cautionary notes 60
Operating conditions 60
Contraindications 60
Routine maintenance 60
Section 4 Application of the point device 61
Section 5 Waveform identification 61
Section 6 HYX oscillometer for AVN of the femoral head 63
Main functions and clinical studies 63
Technical specifications 64
Section 7 Underlying theory of the HC-5 treatment device for AVN of the femoral head 66
Experimental observation and clinical use of mechano-electric effect on bone remodeling and repair 66
Release of active Chinese herbal components to points stimulates bone repair 71
Factors that boost bone growth 72
Section 8 Therapeutic efficacy study on HC-5 treatment devicefor AVN of the femoral head 75
Animal studies 75
Clinical Trials 76
Chapter 10 Computer-aided Image Diagnosis for AVN of the Femoral Head 80
Section 1 Computer image processing for radiographic films of AVN of the femoral head 80
Conventional X-rays 81
Design philosophy of computer image processing for AVN of the femoral head 82
Computer image analysis for AVN of the femoral head 83
Computer image analysis procedures for AVN of the femoral head 87
Computer image analysis and diagnosis for AVN of the femoral head 90
Computer image diagnosis and application for AVN of the femoral head 90
Prospect of computer image processing technologies for AVN of the femoral head 91
Search results of computer image analysis system for AVN of the femoral head 92
Section 2 Analysis examples of computer images for AVN of the femoral head 93
Image analysis and diagnostic report for AVN of the femoral head 93
Computer image analysis examples for AVN of the femoral head 93
Section 3 Medical image processing for AVN of the femoral head 94
Current situation of medical image diagnosis for AVN of the femoral head 94
Medical image analysis of AVN of the femoral head 94
Prospect of medical image processing 95
Characteristics of medical images for AVN of the femoral head 96
Medical image processing methods for AVN of the femoral head 97
In-depth analysis on medical image processing for AVN of the femoral head 98
Experimental high pass filter analysis on X-ray films of the femoral head 99
Incomplete histogram equalization and(femoral head)X-ray image processing 99
Heat conduction equation and(femoral head)X-rays sharpening 105
Section 4 BPLI-based 3-D surface reconstruction algorithm from 2-D contour lines 111
Introduction 111
Essential principles and procedures of BPLI methods 112
The original algorithm and problem analysis 114
New algorithm 116
Experimental results and analysis 119
Conclusion 123
Section 5 Radiographic films of bones and joints 123
Radiographic films of normal bones 124
Radiographic films of bone structural lesion 126
Abnormal bone morphology 129
Soft tissue changes 129
Bone and joint structure 130
Radiographic films of normal bones and joints 130
Abnormal radiographic films of bone and joint disorders 131
Abnormal radiographic films of AVN of the femoral head 134
Chapter 11 The Novel Chinese Medical Therapy for AVN of the Femoral Head 136
Section 1 Internal Therapy for AVN of the Femoral Head 136
Experimental study and pharmacological analysis on Cheng Zai Wan 136
Application of herbal diet 155
Section 2 External Therapy for AVN of the Femoral Head 158
Chinese medicine and external therapy 158
Releasing electrical signals of Chinese medicine to specific points 160
Herbal bath therapy 167
Foot bath therapy 171
Section 3 Pattern Identification and Treatment for Pain due to AVN of the femoral head 173
Etiology and pathogenesis 174
Pattern identification and treatment 175
Chapter 12 Application of Meridian Theory to the Novel Therapy for AVN of the Femoral Head 178
Section 1 Meridian points used for AVN of thefemoral head in novel therapy 178
The stomach meridian of the foot-Yangming 179
The spleen meridian of the foot-Taiyin 181
The bladder meridian of the foot-Taiyang 184
The kidney meridian of the foot-Shaoyin 189
The gallbladder meridian of the foot-Shaoyang 191
The liver meridian of the foot-Jueyin 194
Extra points on the lower extremities 196
The eight extraordinary meridians 197
Section 2 Specific points designated for AVN of the femoral head in novel therapy 197
Section 3 Principles,methods and clinical significance of point selection 200
Principles of point selection 200
Methods of point selection 201
Clinical significance 201
Section 4 Massage points along the pathways of selected meridians for AVN of the femoral head 202
Massage therapy 202
Massage and syndrome differentiation 203
Relationship between massage and reinforcing/reducing 203
Relationship between massage and Biao/Ben 204
Massage along the pathways of meridians 204
AVN of the femoral head and massage 205
Illustrations of massage along the pathways of meridians 206
Chapter 13 Application of the Zi Wu Liu Zhu(Midnight-Noon-Ebb-Flow)Theory in the Treatment of AVN of the Femoral Head 207
Significance of the Zi Wu Liu Zhu theory 208
Content of the Zi Wu Liu Zhu theory 209
The role of the Zi Wu Liu Zhu theory in the treatment of AVN of the femoral head 213
Chapter 14 Dynamic Modeling of the Hip Joint 221
Section 1 Combine stillness with motion and alleviate pain by functional exercise 221
Section 2 Dynamic modeling of the hip joint and functional rehabilitation 222
Mechanism of dynamic hip joint modeling 223
Purpose of dynamic hip joint modeling 223
Significance of dynamic hip joint modeling 223
Eight dynamic modeling methods for the hip joint 224
Requirements for dynamic hip joint modeling in adults 226
Functional rehabilitation for children and cautionary notes 228
Annex 1 Dantian Zang-Fu exercise 229
Annex 2 Medical information sheet for adults'hip joint modeling 231
Annex 3 Medical information sheet for device-supported hip joint modeling 232
Annex 4 Medical information sheet for Children's hip joint rehabilitation 232
Section 3 Illustrated eight dynamic modeling methods of the hip joint 233
Chapter 15 Nursing Care in Novel Therapy for AVN of the Femoral Head 239
Section 1 Special care in the novel therapy for AVN of the femoral head 239
Nursing requirements 239
Psychological care 240
Special care for international patients 241
Care in using the treatment device for AVN of the femoral head 241
Care during dynamic hip joint modeling 241
Care in daily life 242
Section 2 Routine care in the novel therapy for AVN of the femoral head 242
General care 242
Overall care 243
Psychological care 245
Care outline 245
Levels of care for AVN of the femoral head 248
Section 3 Special care for Chinese medical therapy 249
Internal Chinese medicine 249
External Chinese medicine 250
Section 4 Special care for releasing active components of Chinese medicine with the treatment device 251
Procedures 251
Cautionary notes 252
Section 5 Fast point location for releasing active components of Chinese medicine 253
Fast location of common points 253
Fast location of specific points 255
Section 6 Special care for medicated bath 255
Decoction of Chinese herbs 255
Preparation of bath lotion 256
Treatment method 256
Cautionary notes 256
Section 7 Special care for dynamic hip joint modeling 257
Functional exercise for dynamic hip joint modeling 257
Cautionary notes and significance of dynamic hip joint modeling 259
Abnormal gaits due to AVN of the femoral head 260
Chapter 16 Correction of Pelvic Tilt due to AVN of the Femoral Head 261
Section 1 Clinical application of pelvic balance regulator 261
Structure and functions of pelvic balance regulator 261
Indications and contraindications 262
Annex:Medical advice form for pelvic balance regulation 262
Section 2 Biomechanical study on pelvic balance regulator 263
Structural analysis of the pelvic balance regulator 264
Correction principle of the pelvic balance regulator 264
Summary and discussion 269
Chapter 17 Etiological Factors and Relevant Medical Conditions of AVN of the Femoral Head 271
Section 1 Common etiological factors of AVN of the femoral head 271
Chronic alcohol intoxication 271
Cigarette smoking 272
Glucocorticoids 273
Etiological theories on AVN of the femoral head 274
Effect of stress-prostaglandin on osteogenesis 275
Section 2 Relevant medical conditions of the AVN of the femoral head 276
Osteoporosis 276
Congenital coxa vara 277
Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) 277
Metabolic bone diseases 281
Neuropathic osteoarthropathy 282
Differentiation between hyperparathyroidism and AVN of the femoral head 283
Epiphyseal disease of the femoral head 288
Differentiation between childhood AVN of the femoral head and slipped capital femoral epiphysis(SCFE) 292
Differentiation between tuberculosis of the hip in children and pyogenic arthritis of the hip 294
Differentiation between rheumatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis 294
Abrasion and erosion of artificial femoral head 295
Chapter 18 Stress-Electro-biomechanical Theorem in Novel Therapy for AVN of the Femoral Head—H.G.G Guidelines 299
Section 1 Overview of the H.G.Gguidelines 299
Maintenance of bone mass 300
Reconstruction of stress 300
Electromagnetic effect 300
Shape modeling of the femoral head 300
Pain-activity interaction 301
Section 2 Maintenance of bone mass 301
Animal experiments 301
Effect of exercise load on non-adult bones 302
Effect of exercise load on adult bones 302
Load and porotic bones 304
Discussion 305
Section 3 Reconstruction of stress 305
Section 4 Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy 306
Electromechanical properties of bone 306
Electromagnetic field therapy 309
Direct current electrotherapy—iontophoresis and electrophoresis 309
Section 5 Shape modeling of the femoral head 310
Increase bone mass—positive effect of bone functional adaptation 311
Decrease bone mass—reverse effect of bone functional adaptation 312
Section 6 Pain-activity interaction 312
Mechanism of pain 312
Mechanism of pain alleviation 313
Chapter 19 Bone Structure and Biornechanical Property 318
Section 1 Bone structure and blood supply 318
Bone structure 318
Blood supply of bones 321
Section 2 Mechanical property and influencing factors of the skeleton 322
Tension/compression mechanical property 322
Shear mechanical property 332
Torsion mechanical property 334
Bending mechanical property 335
Section 3 Bone energy storage and constitutive relation 337
Bone energy storage 337
Stress-strain relationship and constitutive equation of bone 338
Section 4 Functional adaptability of the skeleton 340
Wolff's law 340
Bone adaptation to stress 341
Bone adaptation and biomechanical principles in the treatment of AVN of the femoral head 341
Chapter 20 Biomechanics of the Hip Joint 343
Section 1 Structure and stress analysis of the hip joint 343
Architectural features of the hip joint 343
Range of motion(ROM)of the hip joint 345
Stress analysis of the hip joint 346
Calculation of the state of stress in the femoral neck 347
Alignment and functions of trabecular bone 349
Section 2 Anatomy and physiology of the hip joint 349
Anatomical landmarks on the surface of the body 349
Radiographic findings 351
Axial alignment of the lower extremity 351
Surface projections of major vessels and nerve trunks 352
Deep structure of the gluteal region 352
Acetabulum 352
Femoral head 353
Relationship between acetabulum and femoral head 354
Section 3 Etiology,Pathogenesis and Biomechanics of AVN of the Femoral Head 354
Etiology theories 355
Concept of stress concentration 355
Etiology and pathogenesis of AVN of the femoral head 356
Possible underlying biomechanical mechanism for bone remodeling and repair 356
Section 4 Laser holographic study on the stress of the femoral head(neck) 357
Study protocol 358
Devices,procedures and data acquisition 358
Numerical solution method and calculation results 358
Chapter 21 Clinical Observation on the Novel Therapy for AVN of the Femoral Head 360
Section 1 Therapeutic efficacy analysis of the novel therapy for AVN of the femoral head 360
General materials 360
Etiological factors 360
Clinical manifestations 361
Image analysis 361
Staging criteria 361
Treatment method 361
Therapeutic efficacy criteria 361
Treatment results 362
Section 2 Computer color image analysis on X-rays of typical cases with AVN of the femoral head 363
Chapter 22 Action Mechanism Study on Cheng Zai Wan for AVN of the Femoral Head 364
Section 1 Effect of Cheng Zai Wan and combined Cheng Zai Wan and magnetic field on osteoblasts'L-type calcium channel current 364
Materials and methods 364
Results 366
Discussion 369
Section 2 Effect of Cheng Zai Wan on cell adhesion molecule gene in mice with AVN of the femoral head 370
Results 372
Discussion 372
References 375