关于论证错误的方法论 1
一、时间轴论证错误 3
二、大数谬误 3
三、数字与比例不等价 4
四、实验与调查研究的有效性 5
五、集体和个体／普遍和特殊之间的推导 6
六、因果关系错误 7
七、错误类比 9
题库解析 10
Day 1 Over time,the costs of processing go down 10
Day 2 When the Apogee Company had all its operations in one location,it was more profitable than it is today 12
Day 3 In a recent citywide poll,15 percent more residents said that they watch television programs about the visual arts 14
Day 4 Since a competing lower-priced newspaper,The Bugle,was started five years ago,The Mercury's circulation has declined by 10,000 readers 16
Day 5 The falling revenues that the company is experiencing coincide with delays in manufacturing 18
Day 6 Corporations should look to the city of Helios when seeking new business opportunities or a new location 20
Day 7 People who use the artificial sweetener aspartame are better off consuming sugar 22
Day 8 The common notion that workers are generally apathetic about management issues is false,or at least outdated 24
Day 9 On average,middle-aged consumers devote 39 percent of their retail expenditure to department store products and services 26
Day 10 This past winter,200 students from Waymarsh State College traveled to the state capitol building 28
Day 11 In the first four years that Montoya has served as mayor of the city of San Perdito,the population has decreased and the unemployment rate has increased 30
Day 12 Advertising the reduced price of selected grocery items in the Daily Gazette will help you increase your sales 32
Day 13 The Cumquat Café began advertising on our local radio station this year 34
Day 14 Two years ago Nova High School began to use interactive computer instruction in three academic subjects 36
Day 15 Reelect Adams,and you will be voting for proven leadership in improving the state's economy 38
Day 16 Throughout the last two decades,those who earned graduate degrees found it very difficult to get jobs 40
Day 17 Two of today's best-selling brands of full-strength prescription medication for the relief of excess stomach acid,Acid-Ease and Pepticaid,are now available in milder nonprescription forms 42
Day 18 Neither stronger ethics regulations nor stronger enforcement mechanisms are necessary to ensure ethical behavior 44
Day 19 Over the past decade,the restaurant industry in the country of Spiessa has experienced unprecedented growth 46
Day 20 Laboratory studies show that Saluda Natural Spring Water contains several of the minerals 48
Day 21 Studies have found that employees of not-for-profit organizations and charities are often more highly motivated 50
Day 22 While trucking companies that deliver goods pay only a portion of highway maintenance costs and no property tax on the highways they use 52
Day 23 As public concern over drug abuse has increased,authorities have become more vigilant 54
Day 24 Twenty years ago,only half of the students who graduated from Einstein High School went on to attend a college or university 56
Day 25 We believe that improved customer service is the best way for us to differentiate ourselves from competitors and attract new customers 58
Day 26 Two years ago,City L was listed 14th in an annual survey that ranks cities according to the quality of life 60
Day 27 We have learned from an employee of Windfall,Ltd 62
Day 28 As violence in movies increases,so do crime rates in our cities 64
Day 29 Commuter use of the new subway train is exceeding the transit company's projections 66
Day 30 Many farmers who invested in the equipment needed to make the switch from synthetic to organic fertilizers and pesticides feel 68
Day 31 As overall life expectancy continues to rise,the population of our country is growing increasingly older 70
Day 32 Studies suggest that an average coffee drinker's consumption of coffee increases with age 72
Day 33 A recent review of the West Cambria volunteer ambulance service revealed a longer average response time to accidents 74
Day 34 It is no longer cost-effective for the Perks Company to continue offering its employees a generous package of benefits and incentives year after year 76
Day 35 In order to effectively reduce the amount of environmental damage that industrial manufacturing plants cause 78
Day 36 The Easy Credit Company would gain an advantage over competing credit card services 80
Day 37 In the past few years,Fern Valley University has suffered from a decline in both enrollments and admissions applications 82
Day 38 Professor Taylor of Jones University is promoting a model of foreign language instruction 84
Day 39 Motorcycle X has been manufactured in the United States for more than 70 years 86
Day 40 Because occupancy rates for campus housing fell during the last academic year,so did housing revenues 88
Day 41 On average,9 out of every 1,000 passengers who traveled on Avia Airlines last year filed a complaint about our baggage-handling procedures 90
Day 42 The country of Sacchar can best solve its current trade deficit problem by lowering the price of sugar,its primary export 92
Day 43 Stronger laws are needed to protect new kinds of home-security systems from being copied and sold by imitators 94
Day 44 To reverse the deterioration of the postal service,the government should raise the price of postage stamps 96
Day 45 There is a common misconception that university hospitals are better than community or private hospitals 98
Day 46 Our total sales have increased this year by 20 percent since we added a pharmacy section to our grocery store 100
Day 47 The producers of the forthcoming movie 3003 will be most likely to maximize their profits 102
Day 48 Our research indicates that over the past six years no incidents of employee theft have been reported within 10 of the companies 104
Day 49 The owners of the Cumquat Café evidently made a good business decision in moving to a new location 106
Day 50 The profitability of Croesus Company,recently restored to private ownership,is a clear indication 108
Day 51 If the paper from every morning edition of the nation's largest newspaper were collected and rendered into paper pulp 110
Day 52 To succeed financially,Zapped needs greater name recognition 112
Day 53 In general,people are not as concerned as they were a decade ago about regulating their intake of red meat and fatty cheeses 114
Day 54 The more efficient a firm's employees are,the more profitable that firm will be 116
Day 55 The construction last year of a shopping mall in downtown Oak City was a mistake 118
Day 56 Historically,most of this country's engineers have come from our universities 120
Day 57 The Excelsior Company plans to introduce its own brand of coffee 122
Day 58 After experiencing a decline in usage by its members,Healthy Heart fitness center built an indoor pool 124
Day 59 The safety codes governing the construction of public buildings are becoming far too strict 126
Day 60 The potential of Big Boards to increase sales of your products can be seen from an experiment we conducted last year 128
Day 61 When scientists finally learn how to create large amounts of copper from other chemical elements 130
Day 62 Scientists must typically work 60 to 80 hours a week if they hope to further their careers 132
Day 63 The Alpha Company has just reduced its workforce by laying off 15 percent of its employees in all divisions and at all levels 134
Day 64 Muscle Monthly,a fitness magazine that regularly features pictures of bodybuilders using state-of-the-art exercise machines,frequently sells out 136
Day 65 The Cumquat Café made a mistake in moving to a new location 138
Day 66 Eight years ago,our firm's profits were increasing with each new employee we added 140
Day 67 Last year,we surveyed our employees on improvements needed at Company X by having them rank 142
Day 68 This past year,we spent almost as much on advertising as did our main competitor 144
Day 69 Obesity is a great problem among pet dogs,just as it is among their human owners 146
Day 70 After the airline industry began requiring airlines to report their on-time rates 148
Day 71 Costs have begun dropping for several types of equipment currently used to convert solar energy into electricity 150
Day 72 Since our company started manufacturing and marketing a deluxe air filter six months ago,sales of our economy filter—and company profits—have decreased significantly 152
Day 73 A widely publicized study claims that HR2,a chemical compound in our shampoo,can contribute to hair loss after prolonged use 154
Day 74 The tragic crash of a medical helicopter last week points up a situation that needs to be addressed 156
Day 75 Local clothing stores reported that their profits decreased,on average,for the three-month period between August 1 and October 31 158
Day 76 In response to petitions from the many farmers and rural landowners throughout our region,the legislature has spent valuable time and effort 160
Day 77 Commercial real estate prices have been rising steadily in the Sandida Heights neighborhood for several years 162
Day 78 With an increasing demand for highly skilled workers,this nation will soon face a serious labor shortage 164
Day 79 Given the limited funding available for the building and repair of roads and bridges,the government should not spend any money this year on fixing the bridge 166
Day 80 A series of books based on the characters from a popular movie are consistently best sellers in local bookstores 168
Day 81 It is a popular myth that consumers are really benefiting from advances in agricultural technology 170
Day 82 This city should be able to improve existing services and provide new ones without periodically raising the taxes of the residents 172
Day 83 In order to avoid the serious health threats associated with many landfills,our municipality should build a plant for burning trash 174
Day 84 Most companies would agree that as the risk of physical injury occurring on the job increases,the wages paid to employees should also increase 176
Day 85 Adopting an official code of ethics regarding business practices may in the long run do our company more harm than good in the public eye 178
Day 86 Although forecasts of presidential elections based on opinion polls measure current voter preference,many voters keep changing their minds 180
Day 87 The practice of officially changing speed limits on the highways—whether by increasing or decreasing them—is a dangerous one 182
Day 88 The proposal to increase the health and retirement benefits that our employees receive should not be implemented at this time 184
Day 89 Company A has a large share of the international market in video-game hardware and software 186
Day 90 A recent study of viewers'attitudes toward prime-time television programs 188
Day 91 When choosing whether to work in color or in black-and-white,the photographer who wishes to be successful should keep in mind 190
Day 92 It makes no sense that in most places 15-year-olds are not eligible for their driver's license 192
Day 93 Writers who want to succeed should try to write film screenplays rather than books 194
Day 94 The computerized onboard warning system that will be installed in commercial airliners will virtually solve the problem of midair plane collisions 196
Day 95 Since our company started manufacturing and marketing a deluxe light bulb six months ago 198
Day 96 Over the past decade,the price per pound of citrus fruit has increased substantially 200
Day 97 Our factory in Cookville is our most advanced and efficient 202
Day 98 Over the past three years the tartfish industry has changed markedly 204
Day 99 Because Platonic University has had difficulty in meeting its expenses over the past three years,we need to find new ways to increase revenues 206
Day 100 Hippocrene Plumbing Supply recently opened a wholesale outlet in the location once occupied by the Cumquat Café 208
Day 101 Applications for advertising spots on KMTV,our local cable television channel,decreased last year 209
Day 102 A year ago Apex Manufacturing bought its managers computers for their homes and paid for telephone connections 211
Day 103 Farmers who switched from synthetic to organic farming last year have seen their crop yields decline 213
Day 104 Every person who earned an advanced degree in science or engineering from Olympus University last year received numerous offers of excellent jobs 214
Day 105 Nadir does not need to adopt the costly"family-friendly"programs that have been proposed 216
Day 106 Magic Hat Brewery recently released the results of a survey of visitors to its tasting room last year 218
Day 107 The Saluda Consolidated High School offers more than 200 different courses from which its students can choose 220
Day 108 In our country,the real earnings of men who have only a high-school degree have decreased significantly over the past 15 years 222
Day 109 Currently more and more books are becoming available in electronic form 224
Day 110 After opening the new swimming pool early last summer,Take Heart saw a 12 percent increase in the use of the center by its members 226
Day 111 The most recent nationwide surveys show that undergraduates choose their major field primarily based on their perception of job prospects in that field 228
Day 112 We should not approve the business loan application of the local group 230
Day 113 Bayview High School is considering whether to require all of its students to wear uniforms while at school 232
Day 114 Research indicates that those who exercise regularly are hospitalized less than half as often as those who don't exercise 234
Day 115 A local wine store made an interesting discovery last month 236
Day 116 Currently,more professional accountants use SmartPro accounting software than any other brand 238
Day 117 Over the past two years,Pageturner's profits have decreased by 5 percent 240
Day 118 The package of benefits and incentives that Ready-to-Ware offers to professional staff is too costly 242
Day 119 Given the success of our premium and most expensive line of chocolate candies in a recent taste test and the consequent increase in sales 244
Day 120 The Lovin'Cupful franchises in our northeast region have begun serving customers Almost 246
Day 121 Last year the parents of first graders in our school district expressed satisfaction with the reading skills their children developed 248
Day 122 According to a survey of 5,000 urban residents,the prevalence of stress headaches increases with educational level 250
Day 123 Our city council's neglect of the impoverished Railroad Flats neighborhood has left businesses with little incentive to locate there 252
Day 124 The Clio Development Group should not be permitted to build a multilevel parking garage on Dock Street 254
Day 125 Because travel from our country to foreign countries has increased dramatically in recent years,our next project should be a"World Tour"theme park 256
Day 126 During the recent campaign for mayor,a clear majority of city readers who responded to our survey indicated a desire for more news about city government 258
Day 127 The Clio Development Group's plan for a multilevel parking garage on Dock Street should be approved 260
Day 128 Since Disc Depot,the music store on the next block,began a new radio advertising campaign last year,its business has grown dramatically 262
Day 129 Across town in the Park Hill district,the Thespian Theater,Pizzazz Pizza,and the Niblick Golf Club have all had business increases over the past two years 264
Day 130 Users of Solacium,a medicinal herb now grown mainly in Asia,report that it relieves tension and promotes deep sleep 266
Day 131 Sales of organic food products in this country have tripled over the past five years 268
Day 132 Our HuggyBunny brand is the bestselling brand of children's clothing 270
Day 133 Managers at our central office report that their employees tend to be most productive in the days immediately preceding a vacation 272
Day 134 During a two-week study of postal operations,the Presto City post office handled about twice as many items as the Lento City post office 274
Day 135 Now that we have moved to a larger theater,we can expect to increase our revenues from ticket sales 276
Day 136 This year,despite HomeStyle's move to new office space,we have seen a decline in both company morale and productivity 278
Day 137 The country of Oleum can best solve the problem of its balance of trade deficit by further increasing the tax on its major import,crude oil 280
Day 138 In recent years the worldwide demand for fish has grown 282
Day 139 In the computer hardware division last year,profits fell significantly below projections 284
Day 140 Of all the cities in their region,Beaumont and Fletcher are showing the fastest growth in the number of new businesses 286
Day 141 Nationwide over the past five years,sales have increased significantly at outlet stores that deal exclusively in reduced-price merchandise 288
Day 142 Mental health experts have observed that symptoms of mental illness are less pronounced in many patients after group music-therapy sessions 290
Day 143 The CoffeeCart beverage and food service located in the lobby of our main office building is not earning enough in sales to cover its costs 292
Day 144 For the past century,an increase in the number of residential building permits issued per month in a particular region has been a reliable indicator 294
Day 145 During a recent trial period in which government inspections at selected meat-processing plants were more frequent 296