Chapter 1 Overview of International Settlement 1
1．Definition and Implications of International Trade Payment 1
1.1 Key Issues in International Payment 2
1.2 The Purpose of Learning This Course 7
2．Prospect of International Trade Payment 8
2.1 Usage of Documentary Credits 8
2.2 Usage of Electronic Data Interchange 9
Exercises 11
Chapter 2 International Trade Terms 14
1．An Overview of Trade Terms 14
1.1 Meaning and Significance of Trade Terms 15
1.2 International Conventions of Trade Terms 16
1.3 Incoterms 17
2．Incoterms 2010 18
2.1 Differences Between Incoterms 2000 and Incoterms 2010 18
2.2 Specific Introduction to Incoterms 2010 20
3．Main Factors Concerning Selection of Trade Terms 28
3.1 Transport Conditions 28
3.2 Supply Market 28
3.3 Freight 28
3.4 Risks During Transit 28
3.5 Difficulty in Carrying out Customs Formalities 29
Exercises 30
Chapter 3 Remittance 32
1．Overview of Remittance 32
1.1 Parties to a Remittance 33
1.2 Type of Remittance 33
2．Reimbursement of the Remittance Cover 37
2.1 Bank Instruction 37
2.2 Relationship Between Correspondent Banks 37
3．International Transferring and Clearing System 38
3.1 Clearing Principles 38
3.2 World Leading Payment and Clearing Systems 39
4．Laws,Rules and Uniform Customs 42
4.1 Relating to International Trade Payment 42
4.2 The International Customs 43
Exercises 46
Chapter 4 Instrument 49
1．Overview of Instruments 49
1.1 Negotiation 50
1.2 Semi-negotiation 51
1.3 Assignment 51
2．Currency and Bill of Exchange 52
2.1 Parties to a Bill of Exchange 53
2.2 Key Elements of a Bill of Exchange 53
2.3 Classification of Bill of Exchange 53
3．Legal Acts on Instruments 55
3.1 Issue 55
3.2 Endorsement 55
3.3 Presentation 56
3.4 Acceptance 56
3.5 Payment 57
3.6 Dishonor 57
3.7 Notice of Dishonor 57
3.8 Protest 58
3.9 Recourse 58
4．Promissory Notes 58
4.1 Essentials to a Promissory Note 59
4.2 Classification of Promissory Notes 59
5．Checks 60
5.1 The Main Parties Involved in a Check 60
5.2 Essential Elements of a Check 61
5.3 Classification of Checks 61
5.4 Legal Acts on a Check 63
Exercises 66
Chapter 5 Collections 68
1．Overview of Collections 68
1.1 The Main Parties Involved in Collection 68
1.2 Basic Documentary Collection Procedure 69
2．Classification of Collections 71
2.1 Clean Collection 71
2.2 Documentary Collections 71
3．Documents Under Collection 75
3.1 Transaction Documents 75
3.2 The Collection Order 76
4．Uniform Rules for Collection 78
4.1 Summary of the Provisions of URC 78
4.2 Legal and Practical Position Regarding the Duties of Remitting Bank 80
4.3 The Theory Involved in Collection 81
4.4 Timing of Payment：the Practice 81
4.5 Acceptance Pour Aval 81
4.6 Risks to Exporter Selling Documents 82
Exercises 84
Chapter 6 Documentary Credits 87
1．Overview of Documentary Credits 87
1.1 The Feature Common to All Kinds of LC 88
1.2 Role of Banks Under Documentary Credits 88
1.3 Limitations of Documentary Credits 89
1.4 The Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits 89
2．The Operation of Documentary Credit 90
2.1 Main Parties to Documentary Credit 90
2.2 Procedure of Documentary Credit 91
2.3 LC Issuance 92
2.4 LC Amendment 92
2.5 LC Utilization 93
2.6 Settlement（Making Payment） 94
3．Types and Uses of Documentary Credits 97
3.1 Types of Documentary Credits 98
3.2 Uses of Documentary Credit 98
Exercises 113
Chapter 7 Other Payment Methods 116
1．Payment in Advance 116
2．Open Account 117
3．Factoring 118
3.1 Essence of Factoring 118
3.2 Versatile Services 119
3.3 Types of Factoring 119
3.4 A Normal Transaction of a Maturity Factoring 120
3.5 Development of Factoring 121
4．Forfaiting 121
4.1 Basic Concepts of Forfaiting 122
4.2 Procedure of a Typical Forfaiting Transaction 123
4.3 Development of Forfaiting 124
4.4 Difference Between Factoring and Forfaiting 125
Exercises 128
Chapter 8 Documents 130
1．Business Documents 131
1.1 Commercial Invoice 131
1.2 Other Invoices 133
2．Packing List 135
2.1 Key Elements of Packing List 136
2.2 Cautions and Notes 137
2.3 Non-official Certificate of Inspection 137
3．Transport Documents 137
3.1 Marine Bill of Lading（BL） 138
3.2 Multi-modal（Combined）Transport Document 141
3.3 Sea Waybill 143
3.4 Air Waybill（Air Consignment Note） 143
3.5 Road Waybill,Rail Waybill and Railway Cargo Receipt 145
4．Insurance Documents 146
4.1 Insurance Policy 146
4.2 Insurance Certificate 147
4.3 Cover Note 147
4.4 Open Cover 148
5．Official Documents 149
5.1 Certificate of Origin 150
5.2 Inspection Certificate 153
5.3 Export License 155
6．Document Checklists 158
6.1 Seller/Exporter/Beneficiary 158
6.2 Issuing Bank 158
6.3 Advising/Negotiating Bank 158
6.4 Buyer/Importer/Applicant 158
7．Documents Examination 159
7.1 Principles by Examining Documents 159
7.2 Procedure of Examining Documents 159
8．Disposal of Discrepancies 161
8.1 Essential Discrepancies 162
8.2 Disposal of Discrepant Documents by Banks 162
Exercises 166
Chapter 9 Trade Forms 169
1．Distribution and Agency 169
1.1 Distribution of Commodities 169
1.2 Agency 170
2．Tender and Auction 171
2.1 Tender 171
2.2 Auction 172
3．Counter-trade 173
3.1 Barter 173
3.2 Switch Trading 173
3.3 Counter Purchase 173
3.4 Buyback 174
3.5 Offset 174
3.6 Compensation Trade 174
3.7 Futures 175
4．Outsourcing 176
4.1 Overview of Outsourcing 176
4.2 Reasons for Outsourcing 176
Exercises 182
Chapter 10 E-commerce 184
1．Development of E-commerce 184
1.1 Definition of E-commerce 185
1.2 Governmental Regulation 185
1.3 E-commerce Procedures 186
2．Application of E-commerce in International Trade 189
2.1 Document Automation in Supply Chain and Logistics 189
2.2 Electronic Payment 190
2.3 Group Buying 190
2.4 Internet Buying and Transactions 191
2.5 Online Shopping 192
2.6 Teleconference 192
Exercises 194
Key to the Exercises 196
Appendix Ⅰ Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits（ICC Publication No.600） 198
Appendix Ⅱ Uniform Rules for Collections（ICC Publication No.522） 225
References 236