Chapter One Researching Information in the Scientific Literature 1
Ⅰ．Primary,Secondary and Tertiary Literature 2
Ⅱ．Which Types of Sources Are Appropriate forYour Research Paper? 5
Ⅲ．Researching Topics in the Scientific Literature 6
Ⅳ．Some Basic Steps to Searching the Scientific Literature 6
Chapter Two Reading Scientific Literature 12
Ⅰ．Scientific Literature and Research Work 13
Ⅱ．Getting Familiar With Scientific Literature 14
Ⅲ．Reading Critically and Actively 18
Chapter Three Reading a Scientific Paper 20
Ⅰ．Structure of Scientific Papers 21
Ⅱ．Five Steps for Reading a Scientific Paper 22
Chapter Four Specific Skills for Reading Scientific Literature 29
Ⅰ．Literature Review 30
Ⅱ．Writing a Summary 32
Chapter Five Translation Theories 38
Ⅰ．Basic Knowledge about Translation 39
Ⅱ．EST Translation 44
Ⅲ．Basic Theories of Translation 49
Ⅳ．A Paradox in EST Translation 54
Chapter Six Translation of Words 58
Ⅰ．A Comparison of Words in English and Chinese 59
Ⅱ．Understanding Words 63
Ⅲ．Techniques of Words Translation 71
Chapter Seven Translation of Phrases 76
Ⅰ．Semantic Relations of Different Phrases and Their Translation 77
Ⅱ．Translation of Some Special Phrases 81
Chapter Eight Translation of Sentences 87
Ⅰ．A comparison of sentence structure in English and Chinese 88
Ⅱ．Sentence Analysis 92
Ⅲ．Techniques of Sentence Translation 97
Appendix Ⅰ Reading Exercises 103
Ⅰ．Sentence Summary 104
Ⅱ．Reading and Writing 105
Ⅲ．Summary 114
Appendix Ⅱ Translation Exercises 138
Exercise 1 Translation of"As" 139
Exercise 2 Translation of Long Sentences 140
Exercise 3 Ⅰ．根据词类选择词义 142
Ⅱ．根据上下文选择词义 142
Ⅲ．词义的引申 143
Exercise 4 Ⅰ．时间 145
Ⅱ．空间 148
Ⅲ．原因、结果 148
Ⅳ．条件 150
Exercise 5 Ⅰ．非限定动词 152
Ⅱ．后置修饰语频繁 152
Exercise 6 Translation of Long Sentences 152
Exercise 7 Translation of Paragraphs and Passages 153
Answers to Reading Exercises 156
Ⅰ．Suggested Answers 157
Ⅱ．Reading and Writing 157
Ⅲ．Summary 158
Answers to Translation Exercises 162
Exercise 1 Translation of"As" 163
Exercise 2 Translation of Long Sentences 164
Exercise 3 Ⅰ．根据词类选择词义 165
Ⅱ．根据上下文选择词义 166
Ⅲ．词义的引申 166
Exercise 4 Ⅰ．时间 168
Ⅱ．空间 170
Ⅲ．原因、结果 171
Ⅳ．条件 172
Exercise 5 Ⅰ．非限定动词 173
Ⅱ．后置修饰语频繁 174
Exercise 6 Translation of Long Sentences 174
Exercise 7 Translation of Paragraphs and Passages 174
References 177