Introduction&A.S.MCGRADE 1
Entry points 2
Otherness 3
What is medieval philosophy? 4
Goingfurther 7
A final image:medieval philosophy and freedom 8
1 Medieval philosophy in context&STEVEN P.MARRONE 10
Emergence of medieval philosophy in the late Roman Empire 11
Monastic discipline and scholarship 16
Islam 19
The rise of the West and the reemergence of philosophy 21
Rationalization in society:politics,religion,and educational institutions 28
Aristotle and thirteenth-century scholasticism 32
The contested fourteenth century 36
The place of authority in medieval thought 40
Philosophical sources 43
Genres 43
2 Two medieval ideas:eternity and hierarchy&JOHN MARENBON AND D.E.LUSCOMBE 51
Eternity 51
Hierarchy 60
3 Language and logic&E.J.ASHWORTH 73
Sources and developments 73
The purpose and nature of language and logic 77
Signification,conventional and mental language 81
Paronymy and analogy 85
Reference:supposition theory 90
Truth and paradox 92
Inference and paradox 93
4 Philosophy in Islam&TH？R？SE-ANNE DRUART 97
Philosophy,religion,and culture 100
Psychology and metaphysics 108
Ethics 113
5 Jewish philosophy&IDIT DOBBS-WEINSTEIN 121
The roots of knowledge-Saadiah Gaon 122
Universal hylomorphism-Ibn Gabirol 126
The limits of reason-Moses Maimonides 128
A purer Aristotelianism-Gersonides 137
Jewish-Christian interactions 141
6 Metaphysics:God and being&STEPHEN P.MENN 147
Physical and metaphysical proofs of God 147
Avicenna's argument and some challenges to it 150
Essence and existence 154
Only one necessary being? 157
Challenges to essence-existence composition 158
Challenges about God and esse 160
Univocity,equivocity,analogy 162
7 Creation and nature&EDITH DUDLEY SYLLA 171
Creation 173
Nature as epiphany:natural philosophy through the twelfth century 174
Astronomy and astrology 177
Scholastic natural philosophy 179
Interactions of natural philosophy and theology 187
8 Natures:the problem of universals&GYULA KLIMA 196
Exemplarist realism:universals as divine reasons 196
Common natures,singular existents,active minds 201
Common terms,singular natures 204
9 Human nature&ROBERT PASNAU 208
Mindandbodyand soul 208
Cognition 213
Will,passion,and action 221
Freedom and immortality 224
10 The moral life&BONNIE KENT 231
Augustine and classical ethics 232
Happiness and morality 235
Evil,badness,vice,and sin 243
Virtues,theological and other 246
11 Ultimate goods:happiness,friendship,and bliss&JAMES Mc EVOY 254
Augustine and the universal desire for happiness 255
Boethius:philosophy has its consolations 259
Thomas Aquinas 261
Happiness in the intellectual life 266
Theories of friendship 271
Happiness and peace at the end of history:Joachim of Fiore 273
12 Political philosophy&ANNABEL S.BRETT 276
The one true city 278
Reason,nature,and the human good 280
Election and consent 285
Hierarchy and grace 288
History,autonomy,and rights 290
Conclusion 295
13 Medieval philosophy in later thought&P.T.FITZPATRICK AND JOHN HALDANE 300
The Renaissance and seventeenth century 300
Current engagements 316
14 Transmission and translation&THOMAS WILLIAMS 328
Channels of transmission 329
Three case studies 334
Translating medieval philosophy 338
Pairs and snares 341
A word of encouragement 343
Chronology of philosophers and major events 347
Biographies of major medieval philosophers 350
Bibliography 360
Index 398