Chapter 1 Automaticity and Second Language Acquisition 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Why Study Automaticity? 1
1.3 Definitions of Automaticity 6
1.4 Theories of Automaticity 13
1.5 The Acquisition Models and Promotion of Automaticity 18
1.6 Automaticity in SLA 23
Chapter Summary 30
Chapter 2 Assessing Automaticity in Second Language Acquisition 32
2.1 Introduction 32
2.2 A Three-Dimensional Model in L2 Competence 34
2.3 Automaticity：An Easy Neglected Dimension in Assessing L2 Competence 37
2.4 Methods for Assessing Automaticity in L2 Competence 43
2.5 Assessing the Development of Automaticity in L2 Word Recognition 73
2.6 Pedagogical Implications from Automaticity 80
Chapter Summary 81
Chapter 3 Fluency in Cognitive Processing 83
3.1 Introduction 83
3.2 Definitions of Fluency 84
3.3 Fluency Heuristics 93
3.4 Measures of L2 Fluency 101
3.5 Fluency as a Synonym of Oral Proficiency 109
3.6 Transfer Appropriate Processing 115
3.7 Processing Flexibility 121
Chapter Summary 129
Chapter 4 Measuring Second Language Oral Fluency 131
4.1 Introduction 131
4.2 Fluency and Automaticity 132
4.3 Categories of Fluency 135
4.4 The Tasks for Measuring Oral Fluency 140
4.5 Judging Oral Fluency on Different Tasks 144
4.6 Potential Markers of L2 Oral Fluency 149
Chapter Summary 168
Chapter 5 Second Language Cognitive Automaticity 169
5.1 Introduction 169
5.2 A Cognitive Science Perspective on Processing Automaticity 170
5.3 Automaticity and L2 Processing Efficiency 186
5.4 Automaticity Defined as Ballistic Processing 193
5.5 Automaticity as Processing Stability 199
5.6 Attention-Based Aspects of L2 Cognitive Automaticity 205
Chapter Summary 220
Chapter 6 Neurocognitive and Neuroimaging Studies of Automaticity 222
6.1 Introduction 222
6.2 Neuroscientific Issues in L2 Automaticity 222
6.3 Neural Correlates of Automaticity 226
6.4 Neural Correlates Studies in L2 Processing 232
6.5 Neural Correlates of Attention Control in Language Selection 239
6.6 Cognitive Formal Modeling 246
6.7 Philosophical Approaches 264
Chapter Summary 273
Chapter 7 Automaticity and Cognitive Science 275
7.1 Introduction 275
7.2 A Cognitive Science Approach to Automaticity 276
7.3 The Nature of L2 Automaticity from Cognitive Science Perspective 278
7.4 Memory-Based Theories of Automaticity 285
7.5 Dynamic Systems Theory Approach 291
7.6 Instructed Implications of Automaticity 299
Chapter Summary 303
References 305