Discursive pragmatics:A platform for the pragmatic study of discourse&Jan Zienkowski 1
Appraisal&Peter R.R.White 14
1．Introduction 14
2．Overview 16
2.1 Attitude-the activation of positive or negative positioning 16
2.1.1 Affect 16
2.1.2 Judgement 16
2.1.3 Appreciation 17
2.1.4 Modes of activation-direct and implied 17
2.1.5 Typological criteria 18
2.1.6 The interplay between the attitudinal modes 19
2.2 Intersubjective stance 20
3．Attitudinal assessment-a brief outline 21
3.1 Affect 21
3.2 Judgement 22
3.3 Appreciation 25
4．Engagement:An overview 27
4.1 Dialogic contraction and expansion 28
4.2 Further resources of dialogic expansion 29
4.2.1 Acknowledge 30
4.2.2 Entertain 30
4.3 Further resources of dialogic contraction 30
4.3.1 Pronounce 30
4.3.2 Concur 31
4.3.3 Disclaim(Deny and Counter) 31
4.3.4 Disclaim:Deny(negation) 31
4.3.5 Disclaim:Counter 32
4.4 Engagement resources-summary 33
5．Conclusion 33
Cohesion and coherence&Wolfram Bublitz 37
1．Introduction 37
2．Focus on form:Cohesion 38
3．Cohesion as a condition for coherence 40
4．Focus on meaning:Connectivity 42
5．Semantic connectivity as a condition for coherence 43
6．Coherence:A general view 44
7．A hermeneutic,context and interpretation based view of coherence 45
8．Coherence as a default assumption 47
9．Perspectives 47
Critical Linguistics and Critical Discourse Analysis&Ruth Wodak 50
1．Definitions 50
2．Historical note 53
3．Principles of CL 53
4．Trends 55
4.1 Social Semiotics 55
4.2 ‘Orders of discourse’and Foucauldian poststructuralism 58
4.3 The socio-cognitive model 60
4.4 Discourse-Historical approach 61
4.5 Lexicometry 62
4.6 "Lesarten"approach 64
5．Conclusion 65
？nonciation:French pragmatic approach(es)&Marjut Johansson ？ Eija Suomela-Salmi 71
1．Introduction 71
2．Historical overview-from the pre-theoretical to the present phase 72
2.1 Origins and the pre-theoretical phase 72
2.2 First phase:Forerunners 74
2.2.1 Charles Bally(1865-1947) 74
2.2.2 Gustave Guillaume(1883-1960) 78
2.3 Second phase:Main theoretical foundation 80
2.3.1 Emile Benveniste(1902-1976) 81
2.4 Third phase:Modern developments 85
2.4.1 Antoine Culioli(born in 1924) 85
2.4.2 Oswald Ducrot(born in 1930) 88
2.4.3 Jacqueline Authier-Revuz(born in 1940) 90
3．Some basic notions 92
3.1 Enunciation and enunciator 92
3.2 Situation/Context 93
3.3 Subjectivity and deixis 93
3.4 Reported speech 94
3.5 Modality and modalization 95
3.6 Modalities of enunciation(modalités d'énonciation) 96
3.7 Utterance modalities(modalités d'énoncé) 97
Figures of Speech&Manfred Kienpointner 102
1．Introduction 102
2．Ancient rhetoric 102
3．Contemporary treatments of FSP 104
3.1 Definition of FSP 104
3.2 Classification of FSP 108
4．Across the lines of discipline:The cognitive and communicative role of FSP 111
Genre&Anna Solin 119
1．Introduction 119
2．Historical precedents 120
3．Genre research in language studies 121
3.1 Sydney School 121
3.2 New Rhetoric 123
3.3 English for Specific Purposes 125
4．Issues and debates 127
4.1 Genre as class 127
4.2 Stability of genres 129
Humor&Salvatore Attardo 135
1．Introduction and definition 135
2．Referential and verbal humor 135
3．Semantics 136
3.1 The isotopy-disjunction model 136
3.2 The script-based semantic theory of humor 137
3.3 ‘Longer’texts 138
4．The cooperative principle and humor 138
4.1 Grice and Gricean analyses 138
4.2 Humor as non-bona-fide communication 138
4.3 Relevance-theoretic approaches to humor 139
4.4 Informativeness approach to jokes 141
4.5 Two-stage processing of humor 142
5．Conversation analysis 143
5.1 Canned jokes in conversation 143
5.1.1 Preface 143
5.1.2 Telling 143
5.1.3 Response 144
5.2 Conversational humor 144
5.2.1 Functional conversational analyses 144
5.2.2 Quantitative conversational analyses 145
6．Sociolinguistics of humor 147
6.1 Gender differences 147
6.2 Ethnicity and humor 148
7．Computational humor 148
8．Cognitive linguistics and humor 149
9．Conclusion 149
Intertextuality&Stef Slembrouck 156
1．From‘literature’to‘text as a productivity which inserts itself into history’ 156
2．Text linguistics on‘textuality’ 157
3．Dialogism and heteroglossia in a social-diachronic theory of discourse 158
4．Volo？inov,pragmatics and conversation analysis:Sequential implicativeness and the translation of the other's perspective 162
5．Synoptic and participatory views of human activity:Bakhtin,Bourdieu,sociolinguistic legitimacy(and the body) 165
6．Natural histories of discourse:Recontextualization/entextualization and textual ideologies 170
Manipulation&Paul Chilton 176
1．The ancient technique of rhetoric 176
2．The twentieth-century nightmare of‘thought control’ 177
3．Manipulation is not inherent in language structure 179
4．So let's look at thought and social action 181
4.1 Drumming it in 181
4.2 Ideas that spread 182
5．What might override the cheat-checker? 184
6．Conclusion:Manipulation and counter-manipulation 186
Narrative&Alexandra Georgakopoulou 190
1．Narrative as a mode of communication 190
2．Referential properties 192
3．Textual properties 193
3.1 Narrative organization 193
3.2 Narrative evaluation 196
4．Contextual properties 200
Polyphony&Eddy Roulet 208
1．Preliminaries 208
2．Polyphony in Bakhtin's work 208
3．Polyphony in Ducrot's work 212
4．The description of the polyphonic organization of discourse 215
5．The interrelations between polyphony and other dimensions of discourse structures 218
6．Conclusion 221
Pragmatic markers&Karin Aijmer ？ Anne-Marie Simon-Vandenbergen 223
1．The tradition and the present state of research on pragmatic markers 223
2．Definingthe field 224
3．The terminology:Pragmatic marker or discourse marker? 226
4．Classification 227
5．Pragmatic markers and multifunctionality 228
6．Theoretical approaches to the study of pragmatic markers 229
7．Methodology 231
8．Pragmatic markers in the languages of the world 232
9．The diachronic study of pragmatic markers 234
10．The contrastive study of pragmatic markers 234
11．Pragmatic markers in translation studies 236
12．Pragmatic markers in native versus non-native speaker communication 236
13．Pragmatic markers and sociolinguistic aspects 237
14．Pragmatic markers and the future 238
Public discourse&Srikant Sarangi 248
1．Introduction 248
1.1 Multiple readings of‘publicness’ 249
2．The situation-talk dialectic:‘public’as a feature of setting vs.‘public’as a feature oftalk 250
2.1 (Socio)linguistic markers of public discourse 250
2.2 Interaction-based approach 251
3．Goffman and the public order 252
4．Habermas and the public sphere 253
5．Transformation of the public sphere:Public discourse as mediated communication 256
5.1 The state's role in the conflation of public and private discourses in contemporary societies 258
5.2 Surveillance and control:Information exchange as a site of struggle 259
6．Pragmatic theories of information exchange and the public sphere:Towards a social pragmatics 260
Text and discourse linguistics&Jan-Ola ？stman？Tuija Virtanen 266
1．On terminology 266
2．Historical overview 267
3．Important fields of study 269
3.1 Information structure 269
3.2 Cohesion 270
3.3 Coherence 271
3.4 Grounding 273
3.5 Discourse types and genres 274
4． Other trends 276
5． Applications 279
5.1 Practical applications 280
5.2 Acquisitional and diachronic studies 280
6．Final remarks 281
Text linguistics&Robert de Beaugrande 286
1．The rise of text linguistics 286
2．Some central issues 294
Index 297