Part 1 Overview 2
Chapter 1 Introduction to International Trade 2
Chapter 2 Basic Theory of International Trade 6
2.1 International Specialization 6
2.2 General Concept of Absolute Advantage and Comparative Advantage 7
Chapter 3 Barriers to International Trade 11
3.1 Sociocultural Barriers 11
3.2 Economic Barriers 13
3.3 Trade Barriers 15
Chapter 4 E-commerce 19
4.1 Why to E-commerce 19
4.2 How to E-commerce 20
4.3 How E-commerce Is Changing the Role ofIntermediaries 21
4.4 Using Technology to Be Responsive Customers 21
Part 2 Terms of International Trade 24
Chapter 5 International Trade Terms 24
5.1 Generalization 24
5.2 A Guide to Incoterms 2010 27
Chapter 6 Terms of Commodity 41
6.1 Name of Commodity 41
6.2 Quality of Commodity 41
6.3 Quantity of Commodity 44
6.4 Packing ofCommodity 45
6.5 Commodity Inspection and Customs Formalities 49
Chapter 7 International Cargo Transport 55
7.1 Modes of Transport 55
7.2 Clause of Shipment 62
7.3 Major Shipping Documents 64
Chapter 8 International Cargo Transportation Insurance 69
8.1 Parties to the Insurance 69
8.2 Marine Insurance 70
8.3 Insurance of Land,Air and Postal Transportation 76
8.4 Fundamental Principles of Cargo Insurance 77
Chapter 9 Terms of Price 80
9.1 Price Elements 81
9.2 Pricing Methods 83
9.3 Pricing Strategies 84
9.4 Money of Account and Avoidance of Foreign Exchange Risk 85
9.5 Use of Commission and Discount 85
9.6 Clause of Price 86
Chapter 10 International Payments 88
10.1 Amount of Payment 89
10.2 Payment Currency 89
10.3 Instrument 89
10.4 Payment Methods 93
10.5 International Factoring 105
Chapter 11 Claims.Force Majeure and Arbitration 112
11.1 Claims 112
11.2 Force Majeure 113
11.3 Arbitration 114
Part 3 International Trade Procedure 118
Chapter 12 Launching a Profitable Transaction 118
12.1 Market Research 118
12.2 Sourcing Contacts 118
12.3 Tips for a Successful Negotiation 119
Chapter 13 Exporting and Importing Procedures 122
13.1 Export Procedures 122
13.2 Import Procedures 124
Chapter 14 Business Negotiation and Establishment of Contract 128
14.1 Enquiry 128
14.2 Offer 129
14.3 Counter-offer 131
14.4 Acceptance 132
14.5 Conclusion of a Contract 133
Chapter 15 Export ＆ Import Documentation 137
15.1 Government Control Documents 138
15.2 Commercial Documents 143
15.3 Finance Documents 145
15.4 Transportation Documents 149
15.5 Insurance Documents 154
Part 4 Trade Forms 159
Chapter 16 Agency.Distribution and Consignment 159
16.1 Agency 159
16.2 Distribution 161
16.3 Consignment 161
Chapter 17 Tenders 164
17.1 Invitation for Bids 165
17.2 Submission of Tenders 166
17.3 Bid Opening 167
17.4 Evaluation of Tender 168
17.5 Tender Discussions and Tender Decision 168
17.6 Establishment of Contract 168
17.7 Execution of Contract 170
Chapter 18 Futures Trading 173
18.1 Introduction to Futures Trading 173
18.2 Futures Market 173
18.3 Futures Contract 176
18.4 Hedging 176
Chapter 19 Counter Trade 179
19.1 Barter 180
19.2 Counterpurchase 180
19.3 Compensation Trade 180
19.4 Switch Trade 181
19.5 Offset 182
Part 5 WTO ＆ Globalization of Trade 186
Chapter 20 WTO:Objectives,Functions and Basic Principles 186
20.1 WTO:an Overview 186
20.2 WTO:Objectives,Functions and Basic Principles 188
Chapter 21 WTO:Structure 193
21.1 WTO Organization Structure 193
21.2 Ministerial Conference and China's Accession:Doha,2001 196
21.3 The WTO Secretariat 196
Chapter 22 Overview of WTO Agreements 199
22.1 Some Interpretations 199
22.2 A Navigational Guide to the WTO Agreements 200
Chapter 23 Globalization of Trade and Future of Global Trade 204
23.1 Globalization of Trade 204
23.2 The Future of Global Trade 206
Appendix Glossary of International Trade Terms with English-Chinese Interpretations 212
Bibliography 246