Chapter 1 Introducing the Paragraph 导读1-1～导读1-4 1
Theme： Reasons for Writing 1
Goals 1
Getting Started 2
CNN video Activity： Writing off Stress 2
Reading 2
Reading:From Reaching Across the Gap： How I Write by Michael C.Flanigan 5
The Parts of a Paragraph 6
The Topic Sentence 7
Support 10
Conclusion 12
Title 13
Form 13
Unity 15
Coherence 16
Grammar Review 17
Cohesion 18
Cohesion：Connecting Words 18
Writing a Paragraph 20
Considering Audience 21
Getting Ideas 21
Narrowing the Topic 21
Deciding on a Controlling Idea 22
Choosing Support 23
Revising 24
Using the Internet 26
Keeping a Journal 26
Chapter 2 Narrating 导读2-1～导读2-4 28
Theme： Memorable Events 28
Goals 28
Getting Started 29
Journal Writing： A Memorable Event 29
CNN Video Activity： Adult Illiteracy 29
Reading 30
Reading： My Fault by Hoang Vo 31
Preparing to Write 32
Focusing on a Main Point 32
Supporting the Main Point with an Incident 36
Focusing on a Particular Incident 36
Giving Background Information 37
Explaining the Main Point 38
Organizing by Chronological Order 38
Writing 40
Writing Assignment 1： Narrative 40
Using Language Effectively 41
Cohesion： Connecting Words for Narration 41
Grammar Review 44
Using the Internet 44
Preparing to Write 44
Choosing a Point of View 44
Writing 45
Writing Assignment 2：Point of View 45
More Reading and Writing 46
Reading： The Great Surprise by Mary Kay Mackin 46
Reading： From Wings of the Morning by Orestes Lorenzo 48
Topics for Discussion and Writing 50
Chapter 3 Describing 导读3-1～导读3-4 51
Theme： Important Places 51
Goals 51
Getting Started 52
Journal Writing： An Important Place 52
CNN Video Activity： Martha’s Vineyard 52
Reading 53
Reading： Our Cottage by Renata Strakova 53
Preparing to Write 55
Writing about a Place in the Past 55
Focusing on a Dominant Impression 55
Supporting with Descriptive Details 56
Organizing by Spatial Arrangement 60
Writing 62
Writing Assignment 1： Descriptive 62
Using Language Effectively 63
Cohesion： Connecting Words for Description 63
Grammar Review 65
Using the Internet 65
Preparing to Write 66
Writing about a Place in the Present 66
Writing 67
Writing Assignment 2： Descriptive 67
More Reading and Writing 68
Reading： From Wild Swans： Three Daughters of China by Jung Chang 68
Chapter 4 Analyzing Reasons （Causes）导读1-1～导读1-4 70
Theme： People and Their Behavior 70
Goals 70
Getting Started 71
Journal Writing： A Person I Admire 71
CNN Video Activity： Educator Awards 71
Reading 72
Reading： From A Celebration of Teachers by Kristin Hunter 74
Preparing to Write 75
Focusing on a Main Idea 75
Analyzing Reasons 75
Supporting with Details 76
Supporting with Examples 78
Distinguishing between Generalization and Support 80
Organizing by Points 81
Writing 82
Writing Assignment 1： Analyzing Reasons 82
Using Language Effectively 84
Cohesion： Connecting Words to Indicate Examples 84
Cohesion： Connecting Words to Indicate Reasons or Causes 85
Cohesion： Pronoun Consistency 86
Grammar Review 87
Using the Internet 88
Preparing to Write 88
Explaining Your Points 88
Outlining Your Points 90
Writing 91
Writing Assignment 2： Analyzing Reasons 91
More Reading and Writing 93
Reading： Teenagers and Stress by David Inman 94
Topics for Discussion and Writing 96
Chapter 5： Analyzing Processes导读5-1～导读5-4 97
Theme： Living with Computers 97
Goals 97
Getting Started 98
Journal Writing： How to Do a Simple Operation on a Computer 98
CNN Video Activity： Cyher College Counsel 98
Reading 99
Reading： OPAC at the Earl K.Long Library by Hsin-Chuan Chen 99
Preparing to Write 102
Analyzing a Process 102
Supporting with a Process 102
Focusing on a Main Idea 104
Introducing the Process 104
Organizing by Chronological Order 106
Using Language Effectively 108
Cohesion： Connecting Words for Process Analysis 108
Grammar Review 111
Using the Internet 111
Writing： Analyzing a Process 112
Writing Assignment 112
More Reading and Writing 114
Reading： Map Your Tongue by Eric Haseltine 114
Topics for Discussion and Writing 116
Chapter 6 Comparing and Contrasting导读6-1～导读6-6 117
Theme： Education 117
Goals 117
Getting Started 118
Journal Writing： Two Aspects of My Education 118
CNN Video Activity： Home School College 118
Reading 119
Reading： Notes from an American School by Artyom Aslanyan 120
Preparing to Write 122
Focusing on a Main Idea 122
Choosing Comparable Items 124
Finding Points of Comparison 124
Organizing by Points 126
Writing 126
Writing Assignment 1： Comparing and Contrasting 126
Using Language Effectively 128
Cohesion： Connecting Words for Comparison and Contrast 128
Grammar Review 133
Using the Internet 133
Preparing to Write 134
Contrasting “Then” and “Now” 134
Organizing by Subjects 136
Writing 136
Writing Assignment 2： Comparing and Contrasting 136
More Reading and Writing 137
Reading： Literacy Around the World 139
Topics for Discussion and Writing 141
Chapter 7 Classifying导读7-1～导读7-4 143
Theme： The Media 143
Goals 143
Getting Started 144
Journal Writing： My Favorite Kind of Movie 144
CNN Video Activity： Magazine Wars 144
Reading 145
Reading： The Magazine Industry by Shirley Biagi 147
Preparing to Write 149
Finding a Principle of Classification 149
Introducing the Categories 155
Supporting the Categones 157
Using Language Effectively 158
Cohesion： Connecting vvords for Ciassification 158
Cohesion： Repetition of Key Ideas 161
Grammar Review 163
Using the Internet 163
Writing 165
Writing Assignment： Classifying 165
More Reading and Writing 167
Reading： Types of Newspapers in Ivory Coast by Ledja Sylvie Amon 167
Topics for Discussion and Writing 169
Chapter 8 Evaluating Effects导读8-1～导读8-6 170
Theme： Technology 170
Goals 170
Getting Started 171
Journal Writing： The Effects of an Invention 171
CNN Video Activity： On-Line Privacy 171
Reading 172
Reading： Privacy and the Computer by Edward F.Dolan 174
Preparing to Write 176
Evaluating Effects 176
Expanding a Paragraph into an Essay 178
The Parts of an Essay 181
The Thesis Statement 182
The Introduction 183
The Support 186
The Conclusion 186
Writing 188
Writing Assignment 1：Essay Evaluating Effects 188
Using Language Effectively 189
Cohesion： Connecting Words to Connect Paragraphs 189
Grammar Review 191
Using the Internet 191
Preparing to Write 191
Outlining an Essay 191
Writing 194
Writing Assignment 2： Essay Evaluating Effects 194
More Reading and Writing 195
Reading： Kid Finder by Suzanne Kantra Kirschner 195
Reading： High-Tech Relic Hunting by Michael Carroll 199
Topics for Discussion and Writing 200
Appendices 201
A.Map of the World 202
B.Strategies for Getting Ideas 204
Brainstorming 204
Making a List 204
Drawing a Sketch 205
Freewriting 206
Making a Venn Diagram 206
Clustering 207
C.Grammar Review—Coordinates with the chapters as indicated： 209
C-1 Chapter 1 209
Clauses 209
Independent Clauses 209
Coordinators 210
The Semicolon 211
Transitional Words 212
Dependent Clauses 215
Subordinators 216
Summary of Connecting Words and Their Punctuation 218
C-2 Chapter 2 221
Verb Tenses 221
Past Tense for Narrating 221
Simple Present Tense for Explaining 223
Used To and Would 225
Adverbial Clauses of Time 225
C-3 Chapter 3 228
Verb Tenses 228
Past Tenses for Past Description 228
Simple Present Tense for Present Description 228
Sentence Structures for Location 230
There ＋ Be 230
Adverb/Verb/Subject 232
Subject-Verb Agreement 232
C-4 Chapter 4 236
Verb Tenses 236
Present Perfect Tense 236
Consistency of Verb Tenses 237
Adjective Clauses 240
C-5 Chapter 5 243
Passive Voice 243
Gerunds and Infinitives 245
C-6 Chapter 6 251
Comparative Forms 251
Correlative Conjunctions 254
Run-on Sentences 255
Comma Splices 256
C-7 Chapter 7 259
Parallel Structure 259
Sentence Fragments 260
C-8 Chapter 8 263
Adverbial Clauses of Result 263
Reduced Adverbial Clauses 265
D.Irregular Verb Forms 266
Glossary 270
Index 274