Unit One The Paragraph 1
Chapter 1 The Writing Process 导读1-1～导读1-2 2
Getting Started 2
Journal Writing 2
CNN？ Video Activity： “The 37，000-Page Diary” 3
The Process of Writing 3
Prewriting 3
Generating Ideas 4
Invention Techniques 4
Brainstorming 4
Freewriting 5
WH- Questions 6
Clustering 6
Internet Activity： Composition Skills and the Internet 8
Planning 8
Drafting 8
Revising 8
Editing 9
Chapter 2 Introduction to the Paragraph 导读2—1～导读2—4 12
Getting Started 12
CNN？Video Activity： “Learning to Read and Write” 12
What Is a Paragraph？ 13
The Topic of a Paragraph 13
Prewriting： Planning 14
The Topic Sentence 17
Improving the Topic Sentence 19
Recognizing the Topic Sentence 21
Formulating the Topic Sentence 24
Prewriting： Generating Ideas 24
Support 25
Prewriting： Planning 25
Unity 28
Coherence 30
Internet Activity： Composition Skills and the Internet 34
Composition Skills 35
Revision 35
Peer Review 35
Revision Checklist for the Paragraph 35
Chapter 3 The Narrative Paragraph 导读3—1～导读3—2 37
Getting Started 37
CNN？Video Activity： “Messages for Princess Diana of England” 37
Video Follow-up： Discussion Questions 37
Readings： Personal Reflections 38
Reading 1： From “My American Journey” 38
Reading 2： “The Best Part” 39
Reading 3： “The Struggle to Be an All-American Girl” 41
Writing 44
Present Narration 44
Internet Activity： Composition Skills and the Internet 46
Composition Skills 48
Coherence 48
Adverbials of Time and Sequence 48
Grammar Review 48
Past Narration 49
Composition Skills 51
Coherence 51
Adverbial Clauses of Time 51
Internet Activity： Composition Skills and the Internet 51
Grammar Review 52
Composition Skills 52
Revision 52
Peer Review 52
Revision Checklist for the Narrative Paragraph 53
Chapter 4 The Descriptive Paragraph 导读4—1～导读4—6 55
Getting Started 55
Video Follow-up： Freewriting 55
Readings： Important People， Important Places 55
Reading 1： “Uncle Kwok” 56
Reading 2： From “Beyond the Sun” 59
Writing 61
Description of a Place 62
Internet Activity： Composition Skills and the Internet 65
Activities 65
Composition Skills 65
Coherence 65
Adverbs of Place 65
Modification： Specific Details 66
Grammar Review 67
Description of a Person 68
Composition Skills 71
Coherence 71
Adjective Clauses 71
Grammar Review 73
Composition Skills 74
Revision 74
Peer Review 74
Revision Checklist for the Descriptive Paragraph 74
Chapter 5 The Expository Paragraph 导读5—1～导读5—6 76
Getting Started 76
Video Follow-up： Creating Pictographs 76
Internet Activity： Composition Skills and the Internet 76
Readings： Arts and Entertainment 76
Reading 1： From “Survival” 77
Reading 2： “Jackie Chan” 80
Writing 82
Support of the Generalization 84
Specific Details 84
Examples 88
Illustrations and Anecdotes 92
Composition Skills 93
Coherence 93
Organization of Details and Examples 93
Transitional Words and Phrases 96
Internet Activity： Composition Skills and the Internet 100
Grammar Review 100
Revision 101
Peer Review 101
Revision Checklist for the Expository Paragraph 101
Unit Two The Essay 103
Chapter 6 Introduction to the Essay导读6—1～导读6—6 104
Getting Stalled 104
CNN？Video Activity： “A Case of Plagiarism of Romance Novels” 104
Video Follow-up： Gathering Information about the Consequences of Plagiarism 104
Internet Activity： Composition Skills and the Internet 105
Introduction to the Essay 105
The Thesis Statement 105
The Introduction 108
Prewriting： Planning 109
The Developmental Paragraphs 112
Prewriting： Planning 113
The Conclusion 121
The Outline 124
Prewriting： Planning 124
Composition Skills 126
Revision 126
Peer Review 126
Revision Checklist for the Essay 126
Chapter 7 The Example Essay 导读7—1～导读7—4 128
Getting Started 128
CNN？Video Activity： “The Lost Language of the Wanino Tribe” 128
Video Follow-up： Sharing Your own Experiences 128
Readings： The Power of Culture and Language 128
Reading 1： “IHow Unwritten Rules Circumscribe Our Lives” 129
Internet Activity： Composition Skills and the Internet 132
Reading 2： “Americanization Is Tough on Macho” 133
Writing 137
Number of Examples 137
Choice of Examples 140
Composition Skills 143
Coherence 143
Organization of Examples 143
Transitions Between Paragraphs 143
Transitions to Introduce Examples 144
Repetition of Key Words and Phrases 147
Grammar Review 150
Revision 152
Peer Review 152
Revision Checklist for the Example Essay 152
Chapter 8 The Comparison and Contrast Essay 导读8—1～导读8—6 154
Getting Started 154
CNN？ Video Activity： “Workplace Communication：Gender Differences” 154
Video Follow-up： Brainstorming 154
Internet Activity： Composition Skills and the Internet 155
Readings： Styles of Communication 155
Reading 1： “Conversational Ballgames” 155
Reading 2： “Intimacy and independence” 159
Writing 163
Points of Comparison 164
Emphasis on Comparison or Contrast 165
Patterns of Organization 165
Composition Skills 173
Coherence 173
Transitions for Comparison and Contrast 173
Grammar Review 180
Revision 181
Peer Review 181
Revision Checklist for the Comparison and Contrast Essay 182
Chapter 9 The Classification Essay 导读9—1～导读9—6 184
Getting Started 184
Readings： Advertising and Consumers 185
Reading 1： “Weasel Words” 186
Internet Activity： Composition Skills and the Internet 194
Reading 2： “Motivation” 194
Writing 197
The Principle of Classification 198
Making the Classification Complete 200
Internet Activity： Composition Skills and the Internet 201
Organizing the Classification Essay 201
Introducing the Categories 202
Composition Skills 205
Introductory Paragraphs 205
The Turnabout 205
Coherence 207
Transitions for Classification 207
Grammar Review 209
Revision 210
Peer Review 210
Revision Checklist for the Classification Essay 210
Chapter 10 The Process Analysis Essay 导读10—1～导读10—6 213
Getting Started 213
CNN？Video Activity： “Profile of a Communications Software Company” 213
Video Follow-up： Using the Internet 213
Readings： The World of the Internet 213
Reading 1： “The Life of e-mail” 213
Reading 2： “A Brief History of the Internet and the World Wide Web” 216
Writing 224
Planning the Process Analysis Essay 224
Internet Activity： Composition Skills and the Internet 226
Organizing the Process Analysis Essay 227
Composition Skills 233
Introductory Paragraphs 233
The Dramatic Entrance 233
Coherence 235
Participial Phrases 235
Grammar Review 236
Revision 237
Peer Review 237
Revision Checklist for the Process Analysis Essay 237
Chapter 11 The Cause-and-Effect Analysis Essay 读11—1～导读11—8 239
Getting Started 239
Video Follow-up： Using Campus Resources 239
Internet Activity： Composition Skills and the Internet 239
Readings： Academic Achievement 240
Reading 1： “Surfing’s Up and Grades Are Down” 240
Internet Activi：Composition Skills and the Internet 243
Reading 2： “Why They Excel” 246
Writing 250
Multiple Causes → Effect 251
Organizing the Causal Analysis Essay 254
The Thesis Statement for the Causal Analysis Essay 255
A Problem in Reasoning 258
Cause —→ Multiple Effects 259
Organizing the Effect Analysis Essay 260
The Thesis Statement for the Effect Analysis Essay 262
The Causal Chain 264
Composition Skills 267
Introductory Paragraphs 267
The Dramatic Entrance 267
The Relevant Quotation 270
Coherence 272
Transitions and Expressions for Cause and Effect 272
Grammar Review 273
Revision 274
Peer Review 274
Revision Checklist for the Cause-and-Effect Analysis Essay 274
Chapter 12 The Argumentative Essay 导读12—1～导读12—8 276
Getting Started 276
CNN？Video Activity： “Campus Activism” 276
Video Follow-up： Investigating Your Campus 276
Readings： Issues on Campus 277
Reading 1： “College Lectures： Is Anybody Listening？” 277
Reading 2： “Let’s Put the Excellence Back in the A” 279
Writing 281
The Argumentative Thesis： Taking a Stand 282
The Opposition： Knowing What You Are Up Against 283
Supporting and Explaining Reasons 284
Internet Activity： Composition Skills and the Interbet 288
Refuting and Conceding the Opposition 289
Organizing the Argumentative Essay 290
Composition Skills 294
Coherence Review 294
Revision 298
Peer Review 298
Revision Checklist for the Argumentative Essay 298
Unit Three Grammar Review 299
Adjectives （Ch.4） 300
Participles as Adjectives 301
Adjective Clauses Reduced to Participial Phrases 303
Adverbials （Chs.3， 4， 10） 305
Adverbs of Place 305
Adverbials of Time and Sequence 306
Prepositions in Time Expressions 307
Adverbial Clauses Reduced to Participial Phrases 310
The present participle （Verb + ing） 311
The perfect participle （Having Verb + ed） 311
The passive perfect participle （Having Been Verb + ed） 311
Adjicles （Chs.5， 9， 11） 313
Definite and Indefinite Articles 313
The Indefinite Article 313
The Definite Article 314
Articles with Quantifiers 317
Articles with Count and Non-count Nouns 321
Clauses （Chs.3， 4） 322
Adjective Clauses （Ch.4） 322
Adjective Clause Subordinators 323
Punctuation of Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Adjective 326
Adverbial Clauses of Time （Ch.3） 327
Adverbial Clauses of Comparison， Contrast， Concession （Ch.8） 331
Adverbial Clauses of Purpose （Ch.10） 335
Adverbial Clauses of Cause and Result （Ch.11） 336
Adverbial Clauses of Cause 336
Adverbial Clauses of Result 337
Noun Clauses （Ch.7） 339
As Direct Objects 339
Noun Clauses Derived from Questions as Direct Objects 340
Subjunctive Noun Clauses 342
Comparisons （Ch.8） 344
Indicators of Equality or Similarity 344
Indicators of Inequality 346
Correlative Conjunctions （Ch.9） 349
Gerunds and Infinitives （Ch.7） 352
Gerunds and Infinitives as Subjects 352
Gerunds and Infinitives as Objects 353
Gerunds as Objects of Prepositions 356
Verb/Tense System 358
The Simple Present vs.the Present Progressive （Ch.3） 358
The Simple Present Tense 359
The Present Progressive Tense 360
The Simple Past vs.the Past Progressive and Past Perfect （Ch.3） 362
The Simple Past Tense 363
The Past Progressive Tense 363
The Past Perfect Tense 363
Verb Tense Review： The Present Perfect vs.the Simple Past（Ch.5） 367
The Present Perfect Tense 367
Adverbials Used with the Present Perfect and Simple Past Tenses 369
The Passive Voice vs.the Active Voice （Ch.4） 372
The Passive Voice： Five Points to Review 373
Conditionals 376
Real Conditions （Ch.10） 376
Unreal Conditions （Ch.11） 377
Appendices 381
Appendix Ⅰ 382
Peer Review Checklist for Paragraphs 382
Peer Review Checklist for Essays 383
Appendix Ⅱ 385
Using Others’ ideas 385
Appendix Ⅲ 388
The Definite Article with Place Names 388
The Definite Article with Other Proper Nouns 389
Appendix Ⅳ 390
Punctuation Problems 390
Rules for Punctuation 391
Appendix Ⅴ 400
Rules for Capitalization 400
Appendix Ⅵ 402
Noun Plurals 402
Appendix Ⅶ 405
Subject-Verb Agreement 405
Appendix Ⅷ 409
Principal Parts of Irregular Verbs 409
Appendix Ⅸ 415
Verbs and Their Complements 415
Appendix Ⅹ 420
Sample Business Letters 420
Appendix ⅩⅠ 425
Transitions 425
Index 429