Part 1 Overview of Vocabulary Issues 1
1 Vocabulary Use and Acquisition 3
1.1 Ten key issues 4
1.2 Vocabulary and reading 33
1.3 A sample of prominent knowledge gaps in the field of vocabulary studies 40
Part 2 Foundations of Vocabulary Research 49
2 Issues of VocabularyAcquisition and Use 51
2.1 Form-meaning relationships 54
2.2 Meaning 57
2.3 Intrinsic difficulty 60
2.4 Network connections(associations) 63
2.5 Frequency 68
2.6 L1 influence on vocabulary learning 78
2.7 Describing different types of vocabulary 82
2.8 Receptive and productive mastery 87
2.9 Vocabulary learning strategies/self-regulating behavior 98
2.10 Computer simulations of vocabulary 107
2.11 Psycholinguistic/neurolinguistic research 115
3 Formulaic Language 129
3.1 Identification 133
3.2 Strength of association—hypothesis tests 137
3.3 Strength of association—mutual information 143
3.4 A directional measure of collocation 144
3.5 Formulaic language with open slots 145
3.6 Processing formulaic language 147
3.7 Acquisition of formulaic language 150
3.8 The psycholinguistic reality of corpus-extracted formulaic sequences 155
3.9 Nonnative use of formulaic language 156
Part 3 Researching Vocabulary 163
4 Issues in Research Methodology 165
4.1 Qualitative research 165
4.2 Participants 166
4.3 The need for multiple measures of vocabulary 169
4.4 The need for longitudinal studies and delayed posttests 172
4.5 Selection of target lexical items 175
4.6 Sample size of lexical items 182
4.7 Interpreting and reporting results 184
5 Measuring Vocabulary 193
5.1 Global measurement issues 193
5.2 Measuring vocabulary size 209
5.3 Measuring the quality(depth)of vocabulary knowledge 240
5.4 Measuring automaticity/speed of processing 268
5.5 Measuring organization 274
5.6 Measuring attrition and degrees of residual lexical retention 284
6 Example Research Projects 289
Part 4 Resources 309
7 Vocabulary Resources 311
7.1 Instruments 311
7.2 Corpora 346
7.3 Concordancers/tools 378
7.4 Vocabulary lists 389
7.5 Websites 391
7.6 Bibliographies 396
7.7 Important personalities in the field of vocabulary studies 397
Note 405
1 Vocabulary Use and Acquisition 405
2 Issues of Vocabulary Acquisition and Use 406
3 Formulaic Language 407
4 Issues in Research Methodology 408
5 Measuring Vocabulary 408
6 Example Research Projects 409
7 Vocabulary Resources 409
References 411
Index 445