LECTURE 1 WRITING ABOUT PEOPLE 1
Prewriting:Asking Questions and Taking Notes 1
Activity 1．Working with a Partner for Prewriting 1
Activity 2．Who is the person you admired? 2
Model Essay Writing about People—Mother of Hope 3
Part Ⅰ．Organisation:Paragraph Writing 4
Finished Paragraph Format 5
Title Rules 5
Part Ⅱ．Grammar and Mechanics-Capitalisation 7
Capitalisation Rules 7
Practice 1-1:Capitalisation 8
Punctuation 9
Punctuation Rules 9
Practice 1-2:About Yourself 9
Part Ⅲ．Sentence Structure 10
Simple Sentences and Parts of a Sentence 10
Subject-verb Agreement 11
Prepositional Phrases 11
Practice 1-3:Identifying Subjects,Verbs and Complements 12
Practice 1-4:Subject-verb Agreement 12
Practice 1-5:Write about Your Family 13
Part Ⅳ．The Writing Process 14
Step 1．Prewrite to Get Ideas 14
Step 2．Organise the Ideas 14
Step 3．Write the Rough Draft 14
Step 4．Edit the Rough Draft 15
Step 5．Write the Second Draft 16
Step 6．Write the Final Draft 16
LECTURE 2 PARAGRAPH WRITING（一） 17
Prewriting:Brainstorming 17
Model Paragraph:Structure 18
Part Ⅰ．Organisation:Parts of a Paragraph 19
Topic Sentence 19
Practice 2-1:Narrowing Subjects from General to Specific 20
Practice 2-2:Narrowing Controlling Ideas from General to Specific 21
Practice 2-3:Writing Topic Sentence 21
Practice 2-4:Sports Writing 23
Practice 2-5:Read and Wnte 24
Practice 2-6:Writing Supporting Sentences 26
Practice 2-7:Brainstorming Supporting Sentences 26
The Concluding Sentence 27
The Concluding Comment 28
Practice 2-8:Writing Concluding Sentences 28
Practice 2-9:Concluding Comments 28
Part Ⅱ．Prewriting:Outlining a Paragraph 29
Simple Outline 29
Sample of Simple Outlining:Snow Skiing 29
Detailed Outline 29
Sample of Detailed Outlining:Snow Skiing 30
Using the Outline 30
Part Ⅲ．The Writing Process 31
Step 1．Preview to Get Ideas 31
Step 2．Organise Your Ideas 32
Step 3．Write the Rough Draft 32
Step 4．Edit the Rough Draft 32
Step 5．Write the Second Draft 33
Step 6．Write the Final Draft 33
LECTURE 3 PARAGRAPH WRITING（二） 34
Prewriting:Brainstorming 34
Model Paragraph:Unity and Coherence 35
Part Ⅰ．Sentence Structure 35
Independent Clauses 35
Practice 3-1:Compound Sentences 36
Dependent Clauses/Complex Sentences 37
Practice 3-2:Dependent and Independent Clauses 37
Complex Sentences with Adverb Clauses 38
Practice 3-3:Complex Sentences with Adverb Clauses 39
Practice 3-4:Writing Complex Sentences 39
Practice 3-5:Sentence Combining 40
Part Ⅱ．Prewriting:Unity ＆ Coherence 42
Practice:Unity 42
Coherence 43
Transition Signals 44
Practice 3-6:Transition Signals 46
Using Consistent Pronoun 49
Practice 3-7:Using Consistent Pronoun 50
Practice 3-8:Adding Transition Signals and Pronouns 51
Part Ⅲ．The Writing Process 52
Step 1．Preview to Get Ideas 52
Step 2．Organise Your Ideas 52
Step 3．Write the Rough Draft 52
Step 4．Edit the Rough Draft 52
Step 5．Write the Second Draft 53
Step 6．Write the Final Draft 53
LECTURE 4 NARRATION 54
Prewriting:Freewriting 54
Activity:Freewrite about a Memorable Event or Experience in Your Life 54
Part Ⅰ．Organisation:Narration—Time Order 55
Time Order Words and Phrases 56
Practice 4-1:Time Order Words 56
Practice 4-2:Time Order Paragraph 58
Part Ⅱ．Grammar and Mechanics—Simple Present Tense and Adverbs of Frequency 58
Simple Present Tenses 59
Position of Adverbs of Frequency 60
Practice 4-3:Simple Present Tense and Adverb Frequency 61
Comma Rules 62
Practice 4-4:Punctuation—Comma Rules 62
Task 4-5:A Traditional Wedding 63
Part Ⅲ．Sentence Structure:Compound Sentences 64
Compound Sentences 64
Practice 4-6:Compound Sentences:with,and,or,but,so 65
Task 4-7:Sentence Combining 67
Part Ⅳ．The Writing Portfolio 69
Step 1．Prewrite to Get Ideas 69
Step 2．Organise the Ideas 69
Step 3．Write the Rough Draft 69
Step 4．Edit the Rough Draft 69
Step 5．Write the Second Draft 70
Step 6．Write the Final Draft 70
LECTURE 5 DESCRIPTIVE WRITING 71
Prewriting:Clustering 71
Freewrite for Portfolio 72
Model Paragraph:Description 72
Part Ⅰ．Organisation:Description—Spatial Order 73
Practice 5-1:Spatial Order 73
Spatial Order Words and Phrases 74
Practice 5-2:Spatial Order 75
Part Ⅱ．Grammar and Mechanics-Present Continuous Tense"it is/there is/there are" 75
Present Continuous Tense 76
The Subject"IT" 77
The Expletive THERE 78
Subject Verb Agreement Rules 78
Practice 5-3:it is/there is/there are 78
Practice 5-4:Describing a Busy Scene 79
Part Ⅲ．Sentence Structure:Compound Sentences with yet,for,nor 79
Practice 5-5:Compound Sentences 80
Position of Prepositional Phrases 81
Practice 5-6:Moving Prepositional Phrases 81
Practice 5-7:Combining Sentences 82
Part Ⅳ．The Writing Portfolio 83
Step 1．Prewrite to Get Ideas 83
Step 2．Organise the Ideas 84
Step 3．Write the Rough Draft 84
Step 4．Edit the Rough Draft 84
Step 5．Write the Second Draft 85
Step 6．Write the Final Draft 85
LECTURE 6 ESSAY WRITING 86
Prewriting:Brainstorming 86
Essay Model:Organisation 87
Part Ⅰ．Organisation:Overview of Essay Organisation 88
The Introduction Paragraph 88
Practice 6-1:Introductory Paragraph Writing 90
Body Paragraphs 90
Practice 6-2:Body Paragraph Writing 90
The Concluding Paragraph 91
Practice 6-3:Concluding Sentences 92
Practice 6-4:Final Thought 93
Transitions between Paragraphs 94
Practice 6-5:Transitions between Paragraphs 95
Part Ⅱ．Prewriting—Outlining an Essay 95
Practice 6-6:Essay Outlining 97
Practice 6-7:Outlining an Essay 98
Part Ⅲ．Grammar and Mechanics:Present Perfect Tense,Quotations 98
Grammar:Present Perfect Tense 100
Practice 6-8:Present Perfect Tense 100
Present Perfect Vs. Simple Past Tense 101
Practice 6-9 101
Practice 6-10:Present Perfect Tense 102
Quotations 102
Practice 6-11:Punctuating Quotations 104
Part Ⅳ．The Writing Portfolio 104
Step 3．Write the Rough Draft 104
Step 4．Edit the Rough Draft 104
Step 5．Write the Second Draft 105
Step 6．Write the Final Draft 105
LECTURE 7 LOGIC DIVISION OF IDEAS 106
Prewriting:Group Ideas Logically 106
Essay Model:Logical Division of Ideas 108
Part Ⅰ．Organisation:Logical Division of Ideas 109
Developing a Logical Division Topic 109
Using Examples to Support 110
Practice 7-1:Examples 111
Introducing Examples 112
Practice 7-2:Developing Logical Division Paragraphs 112
Practice 7-3:Logical Division of Ideas Group Essay 113
Part Ⅱ．Grammar and Mechanics 113
Model Essay:Appositives and Adjective Clauses 113
Restrictive and Non-restrictive Appositives 115
Practice 7-4:Commas with Restrictive and Non-restrictive Appositives 116
Restrictive and Non-restrictive Adjective Clauses 116
Practice 7-5:Commas with Restrictive and Non-restrictive Adjective Clauses 117
Practice 7-6:Commas/Capitalisation Review 117
Part Ⅲ．Sentence Structures:Complex Sentences with Adjective Clauses 118
Subject Pattern Adjective Clauses 118
Practice 7-7:Subject Pattern Adjective Clauses 119
Object Pattern Adjective Clauses 120
Practice 7-8:Object Pattern Adjective Clauses 121
Practice 7-9:Adjective Clause 121
Practice 7-10:Sentence Combining 122
Part Ⅳ．The Writing Portfolio 123
Step 1．Prewrite to Get Ideas 123
Step 2．Organise the Idea 123
Step 3．Write the Rough Draft 123
Step 4．Edit the Rough Draft 123
Step 5．Write the Second Draft 124
Step 6．Write the Final Draft 125
LECTURE 8 SUPPORTING AN OPINION 126
Prewriting:Read and Forming an Opinion 126
Essay Model:Supporting an Idea 127
Part Ⅰ．Organisation:Opinion Essays 128
Using Reasons to Support an Opinion 129
Practice 8-1:Using Reasons to Support an Opinion 130
Order of Importance 130
Transition Signals 131
Practice 8-2:Transition Signals 131
Writing Assignment Supporting Your Opinion 131
Part Ⅱ．Grammar and Mechanics 132
Model Essay:Modal Verbs 132
Modal Verbs 133
Practice 8-3:Using Modal Verbs 134
Practice 8-4:Modal Verbs 135
Part Ⅲ．Sentence Structures:Reason Clauses 135
Practice 8-5:Reason Clauses 136
Contrast Clauses 137
Practice 8-6:Contrast Clauses（Ⅰ） 138
Practice 8-7:Contrast Clauses（Ⅱ） 138
Result Clauses 139
Practice 8-8:Result Clauses 139
Practice 8-9:Sentence Completion 140
Part Ⅳ．The Writing Portfolio 141
Step 3．Write the Rough Draft 141
Step 4．Edit the Rough Draft 141
Step 5．Write the Second Draft 142
Step 6．Write the Final Draft 142
LECTURE 9 COMPARISON-CONTRAST 143
Prewriting:Culture Contrast 143
Activity:Research about the Other Cultures 143
Essay Model:Comparison and Contrast 144
Part Ⅰ．Organisation:Comparison-Contrast Essays 146
Block Organisation 146
Thesis Statement 147
Concluding Paragraph 148
Practice 9-1:Hainan or Harbin? 148
Part Ⅱ．Sentence Structure 150
Model Essay:Modal Verbs 150
Comparison Structure Words and Phrases 151
Practice 9-2:Comparison Words and Phrases 153
Practice 9-3:Paired Conjunctions 153
Practice 9-4:Using Comparison Structure Words and Phrases 153
Practice 9-5:Sentences of Comparison 154
Contrast Structure Words and Phrases 155
Practice 9-6:Contrast Structure Words 156
Practice 9-7:Contrast Sentences 157
Practice 9-8:Comparison-Contrast Structure Words 157
Part Ⅲ．Grammar and Mechanics 157
Comparisons with Adjectives and Adverbs 157
Practice 9-9:Comparisons wish Adjectives and Adverbs 158
Comparisons with Nouns 159
Practice 9-10:Comparisons with Nouns 159
Expressions of Equality and Inequality 160
Practice 9-11:Expressions of Equality and Inequality 160
Part Ⅳ．The Writing Portfolio 161
Step 1．Prewrite to Get Ideas 161
Step 2．Organise the Ideas 161
Step 3．Write the Rough Draft 161
Step 4．Edit the Rough Draft 161
Step 5．Write the Second Draft 162
Step 6．Write the Final Draft 162
LECTURE 10 QUOTATION,PARAPHRASE,SUMMARIES 163
Quotation 163
Model 1．Quotations 163
Reporting Verbs and Phrases 164
Practice 10-1:Punctuating Direct Quotations 166
Practice 10-2:Quotation Process 166
Paraphrasing 167
Model 2．Paraphrasing 168
Practice 10-3:Finding Synonymous Expressions 169
Writing Paraphrase 170
Practice 10-4:Paraphrasing 170
Summaries 171
Model 3．Summaries 172
Writing a Summary 172
Model 4．Writing a Summary 172
Practice 10-5:Summarizing 173
Document Sources 175
Citations Within the Text 176
Preparing a List of Works Cited 176
Model 5．Works Cited 177
Practice 10-6:"Works Cited"References 178
Review 178
LECTURE 11 PRINCIPLES OF PROFESSIONAL WRITING 180
Introduction 180
Differences between Speech and Writing 180
Personal Writing Versus Professional Writing 181
Barriers to Written Conmmunication 182
Professional Writing Types 182
Purpose and Tone 182
Audience 183
Different Channels:Letters,Memos,and Emails 183
Guidelines for Professional Writing 184
Language Accuracy 185
Memo ＆ Email Writing 185
Continuum of Formality in Written Communication 186
Memo 186
What is a memo? 186
Memo Structure 187
E-mails 189
LECTURE 12 LETTER WRITING 193
Introduction 193
The Purposes of Letters 193
The Format of a Professional Letter 193
1．Lettlerhead 193
2．Date 194
3．Inside Address 194
4．Salutation 195
5．Subject Heading 196
6．The Body or Message 196
7．The Complimentary Close 197
8．The Signature 197
9．Name and Designation 197
10．Extra Notations 197
11．References 198
Types of Letter 198
Stages of Writing a Letter 198
Producing a Good Impression in Writing 199
How to Write 199
Using AIDA in Persuasion 199
Other Elements of Persuasion 200
Basic Structure for Letters with IMPACT 200
Letters of Request 200
Letters of Claim 200
The SCRAP Formula 201
Letters of Adjustment 201
Good News Letters 201
Bad News Letters 201
Getting It All Correct 201
Write Three Drafts 202
Summary 202
Assignment 202
1．Letter of Request 202
2．Letter of Confirmation 202
3．Letter of Claim(Complaint) 203
4．Letter of Claim and Letter of Adjustment 203
5．Letter of Enquiry 203
LECTURE 13 ENGLISH REPORT WRITING 204
What is a report? 204
The Purpose of Reports 204
Types of Report 204
Type 1．Informative Reports 204
Type 2．Process Reports 204
Type 3．Investigative Reports 205
Basic Structure of a Report 208
Title and Author 208
Terms of Reference(Aim,Purpose,Objective) 208
Procedure(Methods,Sources) 208
Findings(Results,Data,Body,Discussion) 209
Conclusions(Comments,Interpretation,Analysis) 209
Recommendations(Solutions,Action) 210
Complex Reports 210
Cover 210
Title Page 210
Contents Page 210
Summary(Synopsis,Abstract) 211
Acknowledgements 211
References 211
Appendix(Appendices,Supplementary Material) 211
Layout 212
Purpose 212
Decimal Numbering 212
Writing Assignment 213
参考文献 216