前言 1
Acknowledgements 1
Abstract 1
List of Abbreviations 1
Introduction 1
Chapter One Kazuo Ishiguro:His Awareness of Traumatic Experiences in History 32
Ⅰ．Atomic Bombing in Nagasaki 33
Ⅱ．The Decline of the British Empire 47
Ⅲ．The Opium Trade in China and the Shanghai Battle 55
Chapter Two Caryl Phillips:His Awareness of Traumatic Experiences in History 66
Ⅰ．The Slave Trade 67
Ⅱ．The Holocaust 86
Ⅲ．Caribbean Immigration 96
Chapter Three Ben Okri:His Awareneness of Traumatic ExperiencesinHistory 108
Ⅰ．Nigerian Independence from the British Colonial Rule 109
Ⅱ．The Nigerian Civil War 122
Chapter Four Documents of Marginalized Experiences in History 131
Ⅰ．Kazuo Ishiguro:The Oriental Other and the Japanese Women 132
Ⅱ．Caryl Phillips:The Deconstructed Image of Africans and Women 148
Ⅲ．Ben Okri:The Working Class and the Nigerian Women 165
Chapter Five Past,Present and Future in the Context of Multiculturalism 184
Ⅰ．Kazuo Ishiguro and the Orphan 185
Ⅱ．Caryl Phillips and the River-Crosser 196
Ⅲ．Ben Okri and the Abiku 210
Conclusion 222
Works Cited 228