1．Thinking about Listening 1
2．Designing Listening Comprehension Tasks 12
3．Developing Lessons from Listening Tasks 29
4．Raising Metacognitive Awareness about Listening 40
5．Using Authentic Listening Materials 47
References and Further Reading 56
Appendix 1:Listening Strategies and Tactics 57
Appendix 2:A Sample Format for Listening Diaries 59
Appendix 3:AGuide for Self-directing Listening 60