PART Ⅰ．INTRODUCTION 3
1．From First to Fourth Messengers in the Brain:An Overview&Maarten E.A. Reith 3
PART Ⅱ．MEMORY 27
2．Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Learningand Memory&Matthew Lattal and Ted Abel 27
3．Signal Transduction Pathways in Well-Defined Models of Learning and Memory:Drosophila and Honeybee&Uli Müller 73
4．Protein Kinase C Signaling in Learning and Memory&Eddy A.Van der Zee,Bas R.K.Douma,John F. Disterhoft,and Paul G.M. Luiten 105
PART Ⅲ．NEURODEGENERATION AND APOPTOSIS 129
5．Neurotransmitter Receptor-G-Protein-Mediated Signal Transduction in Alzheimer's Disease&Richard F. Cowburn 129
6．The NO Signaling Pathway in the Brain:Neural Injury,Neurological Disorders,and Aggression&Masayuki Sasaki,Valina L. Dawson,and Ted M. Dawson 151
7．Cellular Signaling Pathways in Neuronal Apoptosis:Role in Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease&Carl W. Cotman,Haoyu Qian, and Aileen J. Anderson 175
8．The Role of Second Messengers in Neurodegeneration&Aase Frandsen,Jette Bisgaard Jensen,and Arne Schousboe 207
PART Ⅳ．DEPRESSION 223
9．Molecular and Cellular Determinants of Stress and Antidepressant Treatment& Ronald S. Duman 223
10．Long-Term Bidirectional Hormonal and Neuroplastic Responses to Stress:Implications for the Treatment of Depression&Robert M. Post,Susan R.B. Weiss,Li-Xin Zhang,and M. Guoqiang Xing 249
11．Signal Transduction Abnormalities in Bipolar Affective Disorder&Peter P. Li,Stavroula Andreopoulos,and Jerry J. Warsh 283
PART Ⅴ．DRUG DEPENDENCE 313
12．Messengers in Opioid Dependence:Gene Disruption Studies&Rafael Maldonado and Olga Valverde 313
13．The 5-HT1B Knockout Mouse:An Animal Model of Vulnerability to Drugs of Abuse&Kimberly Scearce-Levie and René Hen 341
14．Regulation of Dopamine Transporter by Phosphorylation and Impact on Cocaine Action&Roxanne A. Vaughan 375
15．Dopamine Transporter mRNA in Human Brain:Distribution and Regulatory Effects in Autopsy Studies ofCocaine Abusers&Deborah C. Mash,Li Chen Kramer,David Segal,and Sari Izenwasser 401
Index 419