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CHAPTER 1Introductlon 1

Introduction 1

Purpose of a Signaling System 1

Transport Systems and Signaling Systems 2

The Blurring of the Distinction between Transportand Signaling Networks 3

Narrowband Signaling Transport and Networks 3

TheT1 System 3

X.25 and Packet Switching Systems 4

Broadband Signaling Networks 6

Problems with Narrowband Signaling 6

SS7 Systems 6

Why Not Just Use SS7？ 7

Summary 7

CHAPTER 2ISDN and B-ISDN Architecture 8

Introduction 8

Interfaces and Functional Groupings 8

Reference Points 10

ISDN Logical Channel Concept 11

Typical ISDN Configuration 12

The ISDN Layers 13

What ls B-ISDN？ 14

B-lSDN Functional Entities and Reference Points 16

The B-ISDN Planes and Layers 16

Maior Functions of the Layers 18

Classification of Broadband Services 21

Summary 23

CHAPTER 3ATM Architecture 24

I ntroduction 24

ATM Architecture 24

ATM and B-ISDN 26

Whv the Interest in ATM？ 26

The ATM Layers 27

Virtual Circuits with the VPCI,VPI,and VCI 29

VirtuaI Path Connection ldentifier(VPCI) 32

The ATM Cell and Cell Header 32

A Closer Look at AAL 34

Formats of the AAL PDUs 36

Summary 38

Early Signaling 39

Introduction 39

CHAPTER 4Signaling System Number 7(SS7)Architecture 39

Common Channel Signaling 40

SS7 Fundamentals 40

Example of an SS7 Topology 41

Functions of the SS7 Nodes 41

The Service Switching Point(SSP) 43

The Signaling Transfer Point(STP) 43

The Service Control Point(SCP) 43

The SS7 Levels(Layers) 44

SS7 ldentifiers and Numbering Scheme 47

Global Title Addressing and Translation 49

Summary 49

CHAPTER 5Addressing,SAPs,Primitives,and PDUs 50

Introduction 50

Explicit Addresses and Labels 50

A Short Treatise on Routing 51

The ATM Address Scheme 52

The E.164 Address Scheme 55

Service Access Points(SAPS) 56

How Primitives(Service Definitions)Are Used 57

Relationships of Service Definitions and ProtocolSpecifications 58

Connection Mapping 58

Other Key Concepts 60

ATM s Use of the OSI Model 60

The Broadband Signaling Stacks and the User Layers 60

Summary 63

CHAPTER 6SAAL,SSCOP,and SSCF 64

Introduction 64

Position of SAAL in the Broadband Signaling Layers 64

The Protocol Stack in More Detail 65

Functions of SAAL 67

Functions of SSCF 67

Functions of SSCOP 69

Functions of SSCS Layer Management(LM) 70

The SAAL Primitives and Signals Operations 71

Depictions of the Layers and Their Associated Primitivesand Signals 72

Signals between SSCOP-SSCF and SSCOP-LayerManagement 76

Signals between Layer Management and SSCF 77

Signals between SSCOP and CPCS 78

The SSCOP Operations in More Detail 79

The ErrorCodes 79

SSCOP PDUs 80

Examples of SSCOP“Housekeeping”Operations 83

Examples of SSCOP Transferring Signaling Traffic 84

Parameters in the Primitives and PDUs 90

CHAPTER 7UNI Signaling 92

Introduction 92

Broadband Signaling Stacks 92

UNI Messages and Information Elements 93

Message Format 94

The Messages 95

The Information Elements(IEs) 95

Overview of UNI Operations 95

The Q.2931 Timers 98

The UNI Operations in More Detail 100

The Connection Establishment Operation 100

The Connection Release Operation 101

The Restart Operation 102

The Status Inquiry Operation 103

The Add Partv Operation 103

The Q.931 Message Information Elements in MoreDetail 106

The Drop Party Operation 106

AAL Information Element 107

Broadband Low Layer Information Element 109

ATM Forum UNI Version 4.0 Variations 112

Summarv 112

CHAPTER 8B-ISUP Signaling 113

Introduction 113

Purpose of B-ISUP 114

What B-ISUP Does Not Do 114

Bandwidth Analysis and Path Discovery 115

Position of B-ISUP in the Broadband Signaling Layers 116

The SS7 MTP Support to B-ISUP 116

Overview of the B-ISUP Operations 117

Trunk Groups and VPCIs 118

B-ISUP NNI Messages and Parameters 119

Setting up the Virtual Circuits 119

The Messages 120

Examples of B-ISUP Operations 123

Parameters in the Messages 123

The B-ISUP Architecture in More Detail 127

Appendix 8A:Parameters Used in B-ISUP Messages 130

Summary 130

Appendix 8B:B-ISUP Interfaces,Pnmitives,and PrimitiveParameters 138

Introduction 144

CHAPTER 9Operations Between UNI and NNI 144

Typical Call Setup and Release Operations 144

Mapping between the UNI and NNI Messagesand Information Elements 147

Summary 147

Introduction 148

CHAPTER 10Other Broadband Signaling Operationsand Performance Requirements 148

Configuration Options 148

Point-to-Multipoint Calls 152

Signaling Identifiers(SIDs) 152

Add Party Operations 154

Performance Requirements for the Signaling Virtual ChannelConnection(VCC) 155

Summary 158

CHAPTER 11Private Network-Network Interface(PNNI) 159

Introduction 159

Whv Another NNI Protocol？ 159

Overview of PNNI Protocol 160

Unique Aspects of PNNI Signaling vis-a-vis Q.2931 161

PNNI Signaling Specification Model 162

Terms and Concepts 163

PNNI Metrics 165

Metric Aggregation 167

Horizontal and Outside Links 171

PNNI Hierarchy Example 172

PNNI Signaling Messages 175

A Look at the SETUP Message InformationElements 175

PNNI Available Bit Rate(ABR)Descriptors 177

Designated Transit List(DTL) 178

Soft Permanent Virtual Connection Procedures 178

Information Elements for the Support of Other Services 179

Designated Transit List 179

Summary 179

Crank Back 179

Abbreviations 180

References 183

Index 187

Primitives and Signals between SSCF and MTP 372

Relationships of the SAAL Entities and MTP 389