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1 Patterns of Culture 1

INTRODUCTION 2

PATTERNS IN THIS CHAPTER 2

YOUR SUCCESS PATTERNS IN THIS CHAPTER 3

Task 1.1 Evaluating:Thinking About Yourself 3

CULTURAL PATTERN 1:ASPECTS OF CULTURE 3

Task 1.2 Prereading:Brainstorming Culture 4

Task 1.3 Reading:Guessing as You Read 4

Task 1.4 Postreading:Checking Your Comprehension 5

Task 1.5 Expanding Your Knowledge:Considering Your Favorite Cultural Themes or Topics 6

Task 1.6 Expanding Your Knowledge:Creating a Concept Map of Culture 6

Task 1.7 Expanding Your Knowledge:Introducing Yourself to Another Culture 7

CULTURAL PATTERN 2:THE ICEBERG OF CULTURE 8

Task 1.8 Prelistening:Considering the Iceberg 8

Task 1.9 Listening:Completing the Iceberg Drawing 9

Task 1.10 Postlistening:Checking Your Labels 9

Task 1.11 Expanding Your Knowledge:Placing the Aspects of Culture Where They Belong 9

Task 1.12 Expanding Your Knowledge:Finding Cultural Objects 10

CULTURAL PATTERN 3:ADJUSTING TO AMERICAN CULTURE 10

Task 1.13 Prelistening:Analyzing Names 11

Task 1.14 Listening:Using the T-Line 11

Task 1.15 Postlistening:Understanding Feelings and Needs 12

Task 1.16 Prereading:Considering the Impact of Exchange Students 12

Task 1.17 Reading:Looking for the EffeCts 12

Task 1.18 Postreading:Two-Way Learning 14

Task 1.19 Prelistening:Expanding Your Background Knowledge 14

Task 1.20 Listening:Seeking Family Details 14

Task 1.21 Postlistening:Counting the Blessings 14

Task 1.22 Prereading:Feeling Feat and Hesitation 15

Task 1.23 Reading:Confronting the Fear and Hesitation 15

Task 1.24 Postreading:Separating the Plussesand the Minuses 16

CULTURAL PATTERN 4:UNDERSTANDING CULTURES MORE CLEARLY STEP BY STEP 17

Task 1.25 Prereading:Scanning 17

Task 1.26 Reading:Guessing as Needed 18

Task 1.27 Postreading:Checking Your Understanding 20

Task 1.28 Expanding Your Knowledge:Practicing the Numbers 20

Task 1.29 Expanding Your Knowledge:Assessing Your Cultural Understanding 21

CULTURAL PATTERN 5:EXAMPLES OF STEREOTYPES AND ASSUMPTIONS 21

Task 1.30 Prereading:Understanding Human Nature 22

Task 1.31 Reading:Thinking About Reasons 22

Task 1.32 Postreading:Looking at the Reasons 23

Task 1.33 Prelistening:Predicting What People Might Think 23

Task 1.34 Listening:Empathizing with the Person 24

Task 1.35 Postlistening:Decoding the Message 24

CULTURAL PATTERN 6:WHEN THE VIEW IS SHOCKING 24

Task 1.36 Prereading:Brainstorming and Voting 24

Task 1.37 Reading:Identifying the Features 25

Task 1.38 Postreading:Relating Culture Shock to Your Own Experience 26

Task 1.39 Prelistening:Doing Your Geography 27

Task 1.40 Listening:Finding Feelings and Facts 27

Task 1.41 Postlistening:Examining the Situation 28

WORD PATTERNS 28

Task 1.42 Wordbuilding:Breaking Down Words and Starring Familiar Words 28

Task 1.43 Wordbuilding:Putting Words in the Bank 29

CHECKING YOUR SUCCESS 30

Task 1.44 Evaluating:Reviewing the Objectivesand Rating Yourself 30

Task 1.45 Evaluating:Checking Attitudes 30

WHERE TO GO FOR MORE INFORMATION 31

2 Time and Space 33

INTRODUCTION 34

PATTERNS IN THIS CHAPTER 34

YOUR SUCCESS PATTERNS IN THIS CHAPTER 34

Task 2.1 Evaluating:Thinking About Yourself 35

Task 2.2 Expanding Your Knowledge:Taking Your Time 35

CULTURAL PATTERN 1:TWO CONCEPTS OF TIME 36

Task 2.3 Prereading:Breaking Down a Word 36

Task 2.4 Reading:Looking for New Information 37

Task 2.5 Postreading:Working with Words 38

Task 2.6 Expanding Your Knowledge:Considering the Meaning of Proverbs 39

Task 2.7 Prelistening:Using Visual Symbols 40

Task 2.8 Listening:Looking at Your Drawings 40

Task 2.9 Postlistening:Making a"Time Continuum" 41

Task 2.10 Expanding Your Knowledge:Synthesizing What You Know in a Concept Map of Monochronic Culture 41

Task 2.11 Expanding Your Knowledge:Synthesizing What You Know in a Concept Map of Polychronic Cultures 42

CULTURAL PATTERN 2:BEHAVIOR IN TWO"TIME ZONES" 43

Task 2.12 Prereading:Thinking About Working Mothers 43

Task 2.13 Reading:Looking for Details 43

Task 2.14 Postreading:Getting to Know Betty 44

Task 2.15 Expanding Your Knowledge:Considering People You Know from M-Cultures 44

Task 2.16 Prelistening:Considering a Key Word 45

Task 2.17 Listening:Prioritizing 45

Task 2.18 Postlistening:Understanding Jorge 46

Task 2.19 Expanding Your Knowledge:Considering People You Know from P-Cultures 46

Task 2.20 Expanding Your Knowledge:Thinking About Time in Other Cultures 47

Task 2.21 Expanding Your Knowledge:Doing a"Time"Role-Play 47

CULTURAL PATTERN 3:THE CONNECTION OF TIME AND SPACE:TWO PERSPECTIVES 48

Task 2.22 Prereading:Predicting the Kind of Writing 48

Task 2.23 Reading:Looking for Differences in Content and Style 48

Task 2.24 Postreading:Comparing Two Perspectives After the Reading 49

CULTURAL PATTERN 4:YOUR OWN TERRITORY AND SPACE 50

Task 2.25 Prelistening:Thinking About the Bubble 50

Task 2.26 Listening:Listen for the Images 50

Task 2.27 Postlistening:Analyzing What You Heard 51

Task 2.28 Prereading:Standing Near and Far 51

Task 2.29 Reading:Drawing a Diagram 51

Task 2.30 Postreading:Comparing Across Cultures 52

Task 2.31 Prelistening:Considering the Clichés 53

Task 2.32 Listening:Separating the Serious from the Funny 53

Task 2.33 Postlistening:Understanding Space 54

CULTURAL PATTERN 5:SPACE IN OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD 54

Task 2.34 Prereading:Asking Questions 54

Task 2.35 Reading:Locating Evidence 54

Task 2.36 Postreading:Exploring the Reading and Going Further 56

Task 2.37 Prelistening:Predicting What's Coming 57

Task 2.38 Listening:Checking Yourself 57

Task 2.39 Postlistening:Explaining About Personal Space 58

Task 2.40 Prereading:Skimming with First Sentences 58

Task 2.41 Reading:Paying Careful Attention 58

Task 2.42 Postreading:Giving Your Views and Feelings 59

Task 2.43 Prelistening:Considering What You Already Know 60

Task 2.44 Listening:Looking for New Information 60

Task 2.45 Postlistening:Considering the Contrasts 60

Task 2.46 Expanding Your Knowledge:Judging Your Preferred Personal Space 61

Task 2.47 Expanding Your Knowledge:Understanding the Backing-Off Syndrome 61

Task 2.48 Expanding Your Knowledge:Playing Roles About Personal Space 61

Task 2.49 Expanding Your Knowledge:Interviewing Someone About Personal Space 62

Task 2.50 Expanding Your Knowledge:Taking a Field Trip to Another Part of Town 62

WORD PATTERNS 63

Task 2.51 Wordbuilding:Organizing the New Vocabulary 63

CHECKING YOUR SUCCESS 64

Task 2.52 Evaluating:Reviewing the Objectives and Rating Yourself 64

WHERE TO GO FOR MORE INFORMATION 64

3 Let's Get Physical 67

INTRODUCTION 68

PATTERNS IN THIS CHAPTER 68

YOUR SUCCESS PATTERNS IN THIS CHAPTER 69

Task 3.1 Evaluating:Thinking About Yourself 69

CULTURAL PATTERN 1:TOUCH 69

Task 3.2 Prelistening:Talking About Touch 69

Task 3.3 Listening:Making a Chart 70

Task 3.4 Postlistening:Checking with Others 70

Task 3.5 Prereading:Greeting Others 71

Task 3.6 Reading:Highlighting with an Underline 71

Task 3.7 Postreading:Monitoring Your Understanding and Attention 72

Task 3.8 Expanding Your Knowledge:Completing the Handshake Chart 72

Task 3.9 Expanding Your Knowledge:Taking the Pulse 73

Task 3.10 Expanding Your Knowledge:Separating Fact from Opinion 74

Task 3.11 Expanding Your Knowledge:Experimenting with Gestures and Observing Responses 75

Task3.12 Expanding Your Knowledge:Doing a"Trust Fall" 75

Task 3.13 Expanding Your Knowledge:Creating a Cultural Guidebook on Touch 76

CULTURAL PATTERN 2:GESTURES 77

Task 3.14 Prelistening:Thinking About Your Own Mistakes 77

Task 3.15 Listening:Finding the Mistakes 77

Task 3.16 Postlistening:Reviewing the Meaning of Certain Gestures 77

Task 3.17 Frereading:Predicting 78

Task 3.18 Reading:Contrasting the Universal and the Specific 78

Task 3.19 Postreading:Considering the Motivation for Using Gestures 79

Task 3.20 Prelistening:Comparing Gestures 80

Task 3.21 Listening:Acting It Out 80

Task 3.22 Postlistening:Outlining 81

Task 3.23 Prereading:Looking at the Map 82

Task 3.24 Reading:Personalizing 82

Task 3.25 Postreading:Making a Personalized Chart 83

Task 3.26 Prelistening:Asking About Impressions 84

Task 3.27 Listening:Distinguishing Between Useful and Dangerous Gestures 84

Task 3.28 Postlistening:Role-Playing the Gestures 84

Task 3.29 Expanding Your Knowledge:Watching Foreign Films 85

Task 3.30 Expanding Your Knowledge:Examining Your Own Gestures 85

Task 3.31 Expanding Your Knowledge:Noticing the Gestures of People Around You 85

Task 3.32 Expanding Your Knowledge:Considering the Most Offensive Gestures 86

Task 3.33 Expanding Your Knowledge:Trying to Avoid Mistakes 86

CULTURAL PATTERN 3:POSTURE 86

Task 3.34 Prereading:Thinking About Posture 86

Task 3.35 Reading:Considering the Importance of Posture 86

Task 3.36 Postreading:Surveying the Postures 87

Task 3.37 Prelistening:Empathizing 88

Task 3.38 Listening:Thinking About Bob and His Hosts 88

Task 3.39 Postlistening:Listing All the Mistakes 88

Task 3.40 Expanding Your Knowledge:Searching for Different Postures 89

Task 3.41 Expanding Your Knowledge:Making a Posture Video 89

Task 3.42 Expanding Your Knowledge:Assessing Your Personal Behaviors 89

CULTURAL PATTERN 4:GAZE 90

Task 3.43 Prereading:Practicing Eye Movements 90

Task 3.44 Reading:LearningEye Language 90

Task 3.45 Postreading:Checking Your Learning of Eye Language 90

Task 3.46 Prelistening:Keep Building Your Eye Language 91

Task 3.47 Listening:Catching the Information While You Listen 91

Task 3.48 Postlistening:Giving Reasons 91

Task 3.49 Prereading:Thinking About Respect 92

Task 3.50 Reading:Finding the Truth 92

Task 3.51 Postreading:Giving Opinions 93

Task 3.52 Prelistening:Mothering 94

Task 3.53 Listening:Searching for the Eyes 94

Task 3.54 Postlistening:Gazing 94

Task 3.55 Expanding Your Knowledge:Making a Concept Map of Gazing 95

Task 3.56 Expanding Your Knowledge:Looking Through Magazines for Gazes 95

Task 3.57 Expanding Your Knowledge:Considering Your Impressions 96

Task 3.58 Expanding Your Knowledge:Creating a Two-Page"Tip Sheet"About Touch,Gesture,Gaze,and Posture 96

WORD PATTERNS 97

Task 3.59 Wordbuilding:Drawing Pictures to Learn Vocabulary 97

CHECKING YOUR SUCCESS 98

Task 3.60 Evaluating:Reviewing the Objectives and Rating Yourself 98

WHERE TO GO FOR MOREINFORMATION 99

4 Families,the Bedrock of Culture 101

INTRODUCTION 102

PATTERNS IN THIS CHAPTER 102

YOUR SUCCESS PATTERNS IN THIS CHAPTER 103

Task 4.1 Evaluating:Thinking About Yourself 103

CULTURAL PATTERN 1:FAMILY STRUCTURES AND YALUES 103

Task 4.2 Prereading:Considering Traditional Cultures and Other Cultures 103

Task 4.3 Reading:Verifying Your Hypotheses 104

Task 4.4 Postreading:Comparing the Cultures 106

Task 4.5 ExpandingYour Knowledge:Analyzing Common Sayings About Families 107

Task 4.6 Prelistening:Understanding Latin American Families 108

Task 4.7 Listening:Comparing and Contrasting 108

Task 4.8 Postlistening:Personalizing the Experience 109

CULTURAL PATTERN 2:PARENTS AND CHILDREN 109

Task 4.9 Prereading:Predicting What JoeMight Say 109

Task4.10 Reading:Avoiding Distractions and Looking for the Main Ideas 109

Task 4.11 Postreading:Comparing Joe's Values with the ValuesYour Parents Taught You 110

Task4.12 Prelistening:Considering What You Know Already 110

Task4.13 Listening:Seeking Out the Names and Features 111

Task 4.14 Postlistening:Breaking the Cycle 111

Task4.15 Prereading:Considering the Background 112

Task 4.16 Reading:Distinguishing Between Generations 112

Task 4.17 Postreading:Bridging the Gap 112

Task 4.18 Prelistening:Thinking About Worries 113

Task4.19 Listening:Understanding Two Poems with Different Points of View 113

Task 4.20 Postlistening:Comparing Concerns 114

Task 4.21 Prereading:Meditating About Mothers 114

Task 4.22 Reading:Comparing the Ideal with Reality 114

Task 4.23 Postreading:Getting Over the Surprise 116

CULTURAL PATTERN 3:MARRIAGE 116

Task 4.24 Prelistening:Looking for a Mate 116

Task4.25 Listening:Seeking the Three Main Qualities 116

Task 4.26 Postlistening:Analyzing the Data 117

Task 4.27 Prereading:Considering When Marriage Began 117

Task 4.28 Reading:Noticing Cold and Heat 117

Task 4.29 Postreading:Feeling the Chill and theWarmth 118

Task 4.30 Prelistening:Contrasting Ideas of Divorce 118

Task 4.31 Listening:Keeping Track of Who's Who 118

Task 4.32 Postlistening:Making Family Trees 118

Task 4.33 Expanding Your Knowledge:Debating About Divorce 119

Task 4.34 Prereading:Thinking About Abuse 120

Task 4.35 Reading:Considering What You Would Do 120

Task 4.36 Postreading:Checking Your Understanding and Your Emotions 121

CULTURAL PATTERN 4:WOMEN'S AND MEN'S ROLES IN FAMILIES(AND OUTSIDE) 121

Task 4.37 Prelistening:Defining the Terms 121

Task 4.38 Listening:Determining Whether YouAgree 122

Task 4.39 Postlistening:Checking the Truth Factor 122

Task 4.40 Prereading:Exploring Oppression 123

Task 4.41 Reading:Citing Instances of Oppression 123

Task 4.42 Postreading:Analyzing What You Read 124

Task 4.43 Prelistening:Getting Ready for the Physical 125

Task 4.44 Listening:Separating More Serious from Less Serious Oppressions 126

Task 4.45 Postlistening:Listing the Physical Oppressions 126

Task 4.46 ExpandingYour Knowledge:Spiking Those Heels 127

Task 4.47 Expanding Your Knowledge:Comparing Gender Roles Historically 127

CULTURAL PATTERN 5:CHILDREN FACE VIOLENCE AT HOME 128

Task 4.48 Prereading:Considering the Problems 128

Task 4.49 Reading:Identffying Problems and Solutions 128

Task 4.50 Postlistening:Wrapping Up 129

Task 4.51 Expanding Your Knowledge: Considering Various Sides of the Issues 130

CULTURAL PATTERN 6:CREATING HAPPIER FAMILIES 132

Task 4.52 Prelistening:Making Suggestions for Change 132

Task 4.53 Listening:Checking Out the Suggestions of Others 132

Task 4.54 Postlistening: Considering Change 132

WORD PATTERNS 133

Task 4.55 Wordbuilding:Assessing the Positive and Negative 133

CHECKING YOUR SUCCESS 134

Task 4.56 Evaluating:Reviewing the Objectives and Rating Yourself 134

WHERE TO GO FOR MORE INFORMATION 135

Afterword 137

Appendix A-1 139

TapescriptAppendix A-2 179